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Speech therapy session with a 6 year old child. Speech therapy exercises

The speech of preschoolers often needs correction and the help of a speech therapist due to incorrect pronunciation or the absence of certain sounds. The task of parents is not to neglect the problem and listen to the advice of specialists regarding making sounds and performing special exercises with their children. Let's find out about this in detail.

Speech therapy exercises for children: 2-3 years

At this age it is too early to talk about incorrect pronunciation. But, nevertheless, classes aimed at developing the articulatory apparatus will not be superfluous. Dad or mom must show how to perform them correctly, explain everything to the child and do them together with him. In this age period, inheritance (copying) is the basis of activities. So, do the following with your baby:

Cheek massage. Rub your cheeks on top with your palms and pat them. Then use your tongue to massage each cheek in turn with up and down movements.
Well-fed cat. Lips should be closed. You need to take in air with your nose and puff out your cheeks, as if the cat has eaten. You need to hold the air for 3-5 seconds at first, then longer. After letting out the air, meow cheerfully.
Hungry cat. The actions are performed in reverse. The air is released from the mouth, and the lips are pulled forward into a tube. First, you need to help yourself with your hands, bending your cheeks inward. Returning your lips to their original position, meow pitifully, as if a cat is asking for food.
Burst balloon. Puff up your cheeks, then lightly slap them with your palms - the balloon will burst. The air will come out with noise.
Smile. In the mouth, the teeth should be closed and the lips too. Stretch your lips as much as possible and hold them in this position.
Trunk. With your teeth closed, you need to stretch your lips forward as much as possible, imitating the trunk of an elephant. The child must be familiar with this animal, see it in pictures in order to understand who it represents.
Trunk smile. The purpose of the exercise is to develop lip mobility. You first need to slowly depict a smile with your lips closed, and then stretch them forward with a tube, depicting a trunk. Every day you need to do this exercise faster.
Rabbit. Open your mouth slightly. Lift only your upper lip upward, exposing your upper teeth. At the same time, the baby’s face should wrinkle and nasolabial folds should appear. This is preparation for the formation of the sounds V and F.
Fish conversation. The essence of the exercise is to pat the sponges one against the other in one breath. In this case, the dull sound P is voluntarily pronounced.
We hide our lips. With the mouth wide open, the lips are drawn inward and pressed against the teeth. The same is done with the mouth closed.
Artist. You need to take the tip of a pencil with your lips and draw a circle in the air with it.
Breeze. Cut pieces of paper, place them on the table and encourage your baby to blow them away with force with one sharp exhalation.

Speech therapy exercises for children: 4-5 years old

At this age, children can perform the previous exercises without a clear example from an adult, do them more often and faster. Others are added to them for the development of the lower jaw:

The chick is afraid. The tongue is a chick. He lies freely in his place, and the baby’s mouth opens wide and closes, as if the chick is hiding in a cage. At the same time, the lower jaw actively moves.
Shark. The exercise is performed slowly, without sudden movements with closed lips. First, the jaw moves to the right, then to the left, forward and back into place.
The chick is eating. This is an imitation of chewing food, first with the mouth open and then with the mouth closed.
Monkeys. You need to lower your jaw as much as possible, stretching the tongue to the end of the chin.

Phonetic gymnastics is the baby’s answers to parents’ questions, repeated periodically:

What are the chicks' names? Chick-chick.
How does the clock tick? Tick tock.
How are scissors made? Chick-chick.
How does a bug buzz? W-w-w-w.
How does the wolf howl? Uh-uh-uh.
How do mosquitoes squeak? Z-z-z-z.
How does a snake hiss? Shhhhhh.

Phonetic gymnastics can be alternated with games for pronunciation of sounds. For example, “Wind-up toys”. One by one, an adult uses a key to start a bug, which makes the sound zh-zh-zh-zh and flies around the room; then a motorcycle that moves fast and its engine says rrrrrrrr. Then the hedgehog jumps and says f-f-f-f-f, the chicken sings ts-ts-ts-ts-ts.

Speech therapy exercises for children: 6-7 years old

At this age, children perform articulatory gymnastics with the initial demonstration of an adult and then according to his verbal instructions:

Smile. At first, the lips stretch into a smile, the teeth are covered, then they are exposed and again hidden under the lips.
Punishment of a naughty tongue. The tongue rests on the lower lip and the upper lip must be slapped. At the same time, the sound “five-five” is pronounced.
Spatula. The mouth is slightly open. The tongue from its usual position rests on the lower lip and then hides back.
Tube. The mouth opens, the tongue moves forward as much as possible, its edges are bent into a tube and held for several seconds.
Licking lips. Mouth half open. Using a circular movement of the tongue, lick the lips, first clockwise, then back.
Teeth cleaning. The child’s tongue serves as a toothbrush, which “cleans” first the edges of the upper teeth, then their inner surface, and the outer one. The same is done with the lower teeth.
Watch. The child's lips are stretched in a smile with his mouth open. The tip of the tongue rhythmically moves left and right, touching its corners.
Snake. When the mouth is open, the bent tongue quickly moves forward and moves back. At the same time, you should not touch your teeth and lips.

Speech therapy exercises for children: setting the sound “r”

If your baby cannot pronounce the sound “r”, then you simply need to consult a speech therapist. Perhaps the cause of the problem is that the frenulum, the membrane that holds the tongue, is too short. It is also called the hypoglossal ligament. Only a speech therapist can diagnose this. And if he confirms that the bridle is really short, then it’s worth trimming it.

Then the tongue will be provided with the necessary amplitude of movements - and all exercises for making the sound “r” will be effective.

Other reasons for incorrect pronunciation may be low mobility of the articulatory apparatus (which can be corrected with exercises), and impaired phonemic hearing. The latter sometimes depends on genetics. If the baby has no physiological basis for impaired diction, then it’s time to carry out daily exercises. There is no need to worry about non-pronunciation or incorrect pronunciation of the “r” sound by a child aged 2-4 years. If he hasn’t spoken out before the age of 5, then he really should start classes:

Painter's brush. This is a warm-up exercise. The tongue is a brush with which you need to stroke the upper palate, starting from the teeth and further towards the throat.
Harmonic. The mouth is slightly open, the tongue is pressed tightly first to the upper palate, then to the lower palate, while simultaneously lowering the jaw down.
Teeth cleaning. The mouth is slightly open. The tongue-brush moves between the teeth, reaching the farthest corners.
Mosquito. You need to open your mouth slightly, move the tip of your tongue between your teeth and try to pronounce the sound “z-z-z”, imitating a mosquito. Then the tip of the tongue moves upward, resting on the upper teeth, while the mosquito continues to emit its squeak.
The mouth is open, the end of the tongue is pressed against the upper teeth. The child should quickly pronounce the sound “d-d”. At this time, the adult should use a spatula or just a teaspoon or its handle to oscillate the frenulum left and right rhythmically, but without pressure. The vibration of the air will gradually transform the pronounced sound “d” into “r”. This is the main exercise for setting it up.

Speech therapy exercises for children: putting the sound “l”

Disadvantages in the pronunciation of this sound are called the special term lambdacism. It has several types. This is the general transmission of sound (“imon” instead of “lemon”), replacing it with others, nasal pronunciation.

For all types of lambdacism, you need to perform the following articulation exercises:

Talking turkey. At a fast pace with the mouth open, the tongue moves to the sides. At the same time, a sound characteristic of an angry animal is pronounced: “bl-bl.”
Hammock. This is a tongue stretch. Its tip should rest on the upper teeth, and then on the lower ones. It is necessary that the period of emphasis be as long as possible. The tongue resembles a hammock.
Horse. Children enjoy clicking the wide tongue of the upper palate.
Fungus. The entire surface of the baby’s tongue rests against the upper palate, while the lower jaw drops down to the maximum. The bridle is pulled tight.
The plane is humming. You need to imitate the drone of an airplane in a low tone for a long time. In this case, you need to make sure that the tip of the tongue rests directly on the upper teeth, and not between the lower and upper teeth.
Steamboat. An adult pronounces the sound “yy”, imitating the hum of a steamboat, then moves the tongue between the teeth - and the interdental sound “l” is obtained. The two positions of the tongue must be alternated.

Speech therapy exercises for children: hissing

Children best practice making sounds by imitating animals and insects. After all, the game form of learning is the most acceptable for them. So, you can play mosquito and wasp, flying around the room, waving your arms, and saying “z-z-z”, then “s-s-s”.

The sound "ch-ch-ch" is the movement of the train. Invite your child to become a locomotive, and you will be a carriage, and make a sound together.

Making the sound “sh” is like sawing wood. Again, the exercise must be done together. This sound can also be represented in the game "Sea" by moving like waves.

It is recommended to use pictures for exercises to correct these sounds. So, an adult shows, for example, a photo of a mosquito, a bee, an image of the wind, waves, and the child displays the corresponding sounds with articulation.

Exercises for children with speech delays

For this category of children, speech therapists advise conducting imitation exercises and games. At the same time, it is important to combine clarity (pictures), an example of an adult and joint pronunciation of sounds. To do this, the teacher or parent must repeat certain sounds many times, and then ask the child to do it together. You need to start by repeating sounds, then syllables, then words, then phrases.

For example, when showing a picture of a bug, an adult repeats the sound “zh” 3-4 times, holding it out and showing the child how his lips are folded. Then he asks the child to be bugs together and make a horn. Similarly with the image of a mosquito and the pronunciation of the sound “z”, with an airplane and the sound “u”. The adult patiently repeats the sounds with the child, and at the end of such exercises, he once again calls the image in the picture with a complete word (bug, mosquito, airplane).

Repetition of syllables is the sounding of animal voices. The cat says “meow”, the dog “aw”, the chicken “co-ko”, the goat “me”. At the same time, onomatopoeic words are also a tool for the general development of the child. You can supplement exercises on pronunciation of syllables by showing pictures of musical instruments and demonstrating how to play the pipe (doo-doo), drum (bom-bom), and bell (ding-ding).

At the initial stage of speech therapy exercises with non-speaking children, you need to be prepared for the fact that they simply will not repeat the adult’s examples the first time or will repeat them incorrectly. Any child’s answers are allowed, but patience and calm are required from the adult.

Especially for - Diana Rudenko

When a four-year-old toddler cannot pronounce individual letters, has a lisp or distorts words, this causes concern among parents, especially if in the immediate environment there are examples of peers with almost impeccable speech. What speech defects for 4-year-old children are considered normal, and when to talk about them, and what to do to eliminate this gap will be discussed in this article.

Features of the speech apparatus at 4 years old

A child at the age of four already has sufficient command of such an instrument as speech and knows how to use it to communicate with the outside world. The little person no longer just pronounces words and puts them into sentences, but uses words to express his own thoughts and draw independent conclusions from information received from outside.

The social circle of children in this age group is also expanding significantly. The child no longer has enough communication with his parents and loved ones; he wants contact with the world in the person of various strangers, and the child not only willingly makes such contact, but also initiates it.

The word “why” most often rolls off the tongue of parents in relation to a child during this period of his life. Experts believe that the more questions a “why” asks, the better mental development he demonstrates. The fact that after asking a question, your child often loses interest in the answer without listening to it to the end is also the norm; the little person has not yet learned to concentrate, and parents need to try to formulate answers simply and clearly.

Did you know? If it seems to you that your baby only becomes silent when he falls asleep, don’t be surprised: this is how it should be. At this age, the norm for a child is an almost continuous speech stream throughout the entire waking time.

The vocabulary of a four-year-old child is rich enough to communicate, but still too poor to, for example, retell to his grandmother a fairy tale told by his mother the day before or to describe in detail the events of the past day. On the other hand, thanks to excellent memory, a child can repeat a rhyme or the same fairy tale, if it is short, word for word, even without fully understanding the meaning of individual words and phrases.

Already understanding that all objects and actions around have their own names, the baby can independently replace an unknown name with a collective name, for example, calling a violet a flower, and a herring a fish.
In addition to nouns and verbs, the little man already uses more complex parts of speech in conversation - pronouns, adverbs, interjections, conjunctions and prepositions. Inconsistency of cases and errors in the use of such functional parts of speech are completely normal at this age.

To simple questions, the baby no longer gives monosyllabic, but rather detailed answers.

By the age of four, a child’s vocabulary reaches an average of two thousand words.

Further, this age is characterized by very rapid improvement of speech, it improves right before our eyes, the baby begins to try to speak competently, imitating adults (of course, it does not work out right away, but the attempts are obvious).

It is normal if, intuitively sensing the presence of complex words in the language (airplane, steamship, etc.), the baby begins to invent his own new words in the same way.

In some cases, the toddler even tries to explore rhymes and compose simple poems.
However, the speech apparatus at this age is still far from perfect. It is not a deviation from the norm if the baby:

confuses cases, agreement of gender and number (opened the “door”, the cat “ran through”, etc.);
rearranges or skips syllables or sounds in complex words;
does not pronounce whistling, hissing and sonorant sounds: hissing sounds are replaced by whistling ones (“ezik” instead of “hedgehog”, “syum” instead of “noise”) and vice versa (“zhayats” instead of “hare”, “sheledka” instead of “herring”), and sonorant “l” and “r” are replaced by “l” and “y”, respectively (“yiba” instead of “fish”, “swallow” instead of “swallow”).

At the same time, by the age of four, a growing person usually acquires the skill of pronouncing words with two consonants in a row (plum, bomb, apple). This is facilitated by strengthening the muscular apparatus of the tongue and lips, as well as the coordination of their movements. The initially incomprehensible sounds “y”, “x”, “e” usually no longer cause difficulties at this stage.

In addition, the child already knows how to regulate the volume of speech depending on specific circumstances (speak more quietly at home, and louder on a noisy street). Speech begins to acquire intonations.

Another feature of this age is that the baby begins to notice speech errors in other children.

Basic characteristics of a child’s speech at 4 years old

All of the above is considered the norm, rather conditionally. All children are individual both in mental abilities and in temperament, some develop faster, others slower, and to say that Olya knows two thousand words and writes poetry, and Vasya only a thousand and is confused in simple sentences, therefore, is mentally retarded , completely wrong.

Did you know? The concept of norm for boys and girls is also very different: in terms of speech, four-year-old girls are ahead of their male peers by an average of 4 months, which is a lot for that age!

In addition, constant communication with loved ones for 4-year-old children is the best activity for speech development, therefore, a child growing up in a loving and attentive family has an objectively better developed speech apparatus and vocabulary than a child who is not needed by anyone.

However, there are objective indicators that indicate that something is wrong with a child’s speech.

Tests to determine pathologies

Self-test your child by asking him to complete the following tasks:(not necessarily right away, otherwise the baby will lose interest in the “game” and stop trying, and the test result will be unreliable):

pronounce your last name, first name and patronymic without prompting;
list the names of parents, family members, close friends and other people in your immediate circle of constant communication;
describe some interesting situation or adventure (wait for the right opportunity and choose the moment when something happened to the baby that should have impressed him);
recognize a loved one in a group photograph or in a photograph of him or her in his youth (pattern recognition test);
divide into groups a certain set of edible and inedible items, clothing, dishes, etc.), and after completing the task, justify your choice;
describe the signs of a particular object (sharp needle, sour apple, sweet strawberry, dark night, cold winter);
name the action being performed in the picture or in the proposed situation (the girl is crying, the boy is playing around, the cat is running away);
repeat what you heard verbatim;
retell what you saw or heard (fairy tale, cartoon);
speak loudly first, then quietly.

Evaluate the results. But be lenient with your child!

Important! The presence of errors when performing a task does not indicate speech impairment. If the mistakes are minor, and the child is able to correct them after it is explained to him what the mistake was, there is no reason to worry.

A reason to think about it and contact a specialist is the presence of the following signs:(not just one, but a whole series of the following):

the baby's speech is obviously too fast or too slow, so much so that it seems that the child is doing it on purpose;
the “speaker” speaks as if he had porridge in his mouth, it is impossible to understand him even to close people;
the child communicates in separate words, without putting them into sentences in accordance with the rules of grammar;
the baby does not perceive what he is told (do not confuse it with whims and unwillingness to comply with requirements);
“swallowing” of word endings is constantly present;
“one’s own opinion” is not visible in the speech; it consists entirely of phrases heard somewhere;
the child's mouth is constantly slightly open, even if he is silent, and there is so much saliva that it splashes during a conversation or hangs from the lips at rest.

Causes of speech disorders

There can be many reasons for speech disorders. Some of them are signs of a serious illness, while others simply indicate a lack of attention to the baby. In particular, there are factors that can affect children's speech:

Hereditary factor (genetic abnormalities).
Intrauterine or birth.
Consequences of the disease.
Unfavorable family environment.

The first group of these reasons includes not only the age at which the baby’s parents began to speak, but also very specific birth defects - malocclusion, stuttering, structural disorders of the palate or tongue, pathologies in certain areas of the cerebral cortex, problems with.

The second group of reasons is a number of diseases and other harmful factors that a woman could encounter during and (stress, infectious diseases, adoption, attempt, trauma, alcohol, intrauterine fetal hypoxia, hazardous production, birth asphyxia, etc.) .

Speech problems can also be caused by problems that befall the baby himself in the first years of his life. This is especially true for infectious diseases, head and palate injuries.
We will not talk separately about the unfavorable situation in the family; everything is clear here.

How to identify a speech disorder

Speech disorders in a child can manifest themselves in different ways. In the age group we are interested in, they are usually classified as follows:

phonation(there is no intonation, it is impossible to adjust the volume of speech, etc.);
structural-semantic(general problems with speech up to its complete absence);
phonetic(pronunciation and perception defects), etc.

Did you know? Humanity has known about speech problems for a long time. As follows from the Old Testament, even the prophet Moses had them. According to legend, the pharaoh wanted to kill little Moses because the baby allowed himself to play with the crown, which the priests saw as a bad omen. On the advice of another priest, who stood up for the future prophet, the baby had to be shown gold and burning coals: if the baby chooses gold, he will die, if coals, he will live. Moved by the hand of the guardian angel, the child reached for the coal and brought it to his lips. Because of this, the prophet’s speech subsequently remained unclear.

At the first stage, parents, having noticed certain signs of speech disorders in their 4-year-old child, should point out this problem to the pediatrician, the latter, in turn, recognizing the fears as justified, refers the child to a speech therapist. In most cases, already at this stage, children and their parents receive the necessary recommendations and a set of speech therapy exercises for independent practice at home.

But sometimes, in order to understand what exactly causes speech problems, the child sometimes needs to be comprehensively examined. For this purpose, the pediatrician and speech therapist can involve specialized specialists, in particular:

neurologist;
otolaryngologist;
psychiatrist;
psychologist;
audiologist.

To get a complete picture, the baby may be subjected to a number of laboratory and other procedures, in particular:

magnetic resonance imaging;
encephalogram;
Ultrasound of the brain (echoencephalography).

This will eliminate brain pathologies.

In addition, doctors will definitely conduct their own testing of the baby, study the motor skills of the facial muscles, and analyze information about the social and living conditions in which the child grows up.

If in general everything is fine with the baby, his treatment will simply consist of performing special tongue exercises intended for children 4 years old, taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular little patient.

Structure of speech therapy classes at home

Aimed at eliminating speech defects, it must be carried out methodically, systematically, only in this case can one count on a good result.

Psychological aspect of working with a child

First of all, parents should not forget about the age of the child. You need to do everything to make the classes turn into a fun game. This time should also be used to communicate with the baby, in this way you will “kill two birds with one stone” and get a synergistic effect (properly performed exercises and parents’ attention together will enhance each other’s effects).

Gymnastics for fingers

It would seem, what is the connection between fingers and tongue? It turns out that it is the most direct. The entire centuries-old experience of speech therapy (and this science has its roots in antiquity) indicates that the development of fine motor skills and speech are directly dependent. That is why speech therapy classes for children 4 years old always include finger exercises, and when developing a child’s speech at home, this block should not be forgotten.

Gymnastics for fingers for such young children it is carried out not in the form of physical education, but in the form of a game. The child is asked to “make” a hedgehog, a cat, a flower, a ball or a flag with his hands, to show how a bird drinks water or flaps its wings, etc.

A speech therapist will develop a specific set of finger games; the parents’ task is to strictly implement them, devoting at least five minutes a day to the playful development of fine motor skills.

Articulation gymnastics with pictures

The next type of exercise is articulatory gymnastics. Its task is to develop and strengthen the muscles of the tongue and lips so that they become strong, flexible and “obey” their owner well.

The peculiarity of these speech therapy classes for children 4 years old is that they are held in front of a mirror so that the child can see how his facial muscles work, what position his tongue is in, etc. For the first time, the speech therapist will show the baby’s parents how to perform the exercises correctly; in the future, this work will be done at home independently.

The regularity of gymnastics is daily. It is better to devote 5-7 minutes to this activity twice a day than to torment the child for a quarter of an hour straight and then leave him alone until tomorrow. Under the control of the parents, the baby licks his lips with his tongue, as if he had just enjoyed sweet jam, “cleanses” his teeth, but not with a brush, but with his tongue, uses it to pretend to be a swing, etc.

Development of phonemic hearing

A very important part of the lesson is the development of speech (or phonemic) hearing. Our task is to teach the baby to hear and recognize sounds.

Doing these types of exercises with children as young as 4 years old is a real pleasure. You can come up with a lot of speech therapy games, you can design the necessary attributes for this with your own hands, or you can involve your baby in such making, then at the same time he will develop fine motor skills, acquire useful skills and broaden his horizons.

Invite your child to listen to how certain objects “sound” (paper rustling, wooden spoons knocking, glass clinking against glass). Then the baby must recognize the same sounds, but with his eyes closed.
Find videos on the Internet where the voices of various animals or birds are heard. Show them to your child and again ask them to recognize the “beast” by their voice with their eyes closed.
In the same way, find a video or sound recording with various noises - the sea, a forest, a city street. Give them to your baby to listen to and ask him to recognize the source of each sound (car, motorcycle, train, wave, etc.).
Blindfold your child and move around the room with the bell, trying not to make any noise. The baby’s task is to accurately show with his finger exactly where the ringing is coming from.
Invite your child to imitate the sounds that various animals make. Pay the child’s attention not only to the appearance, but also to the age of the animal (perhaps a small kitten does not yet know how to say “meow”, he only squeaks plaintively and thinly, and cannot do it very loudly, because he is very tiny). For such a speech development activity, it is good to use special speech therapy pictures or toys in the form of animals - it will be much easier and more interesting for a 4-year-old child.

One of the exercises for developing phonemic hearing is the so-called speech therapy rhythm. Come up with an interesting song, the execution of which is accompanied by certain movements (remember or watch the film “Bald Nanny” with Vin Diesel, there is a very vivid example of such logorhythmics).

Fantasize, do not limit yourself to the exercises that the speech therapist came up with for your child, and then your child will perceive the classes as an interesting game and look forward to it!

Speech development

Speech, like muscles, needs to be developed. A child’s vocabulary should be constantly replenished, but how can this be done if the child performs the same routine actions all day long? Try to fill your baby's life with new impressions, and then his speech will be enriched by itself, without additional effort on your part.

Invite your child to write an interesting and exciting story on the topic: how I spent my summer (of course, this will only work if the child really has something to remember). Such speech therapy tasks for 4-year-old children are much more interesting and, importantly, more effective than methodical exercises in front of a mirror.
Learn poems and tongue twisters with your child, read fairy tales to him, tell him exciting stories and just communicate. Do not forget that at this age the baby’s vocabulary is divided into two parts: words that the baby uses during speech, and words that he does not yet repeat, but already understands. Try to use as many new words as possible in your stories and do not be lazy to explain their meaning. By developing your baby’s passive vocabulary, you will thereby, albeit more slowly, expand the active one.

Exercises for making the sound “r”

For children 4 years old who cannot pronounce individual letters, special exercises are used. For example, at this age, children very often fail to cope by simply skipping it or replacing it with “l”; difficulties also arise with hissing “sh”, “sch”. Speech therapy rhymes help cope with this very well. There are a huge variety of them, they are classified according to specific problem sounds, the most successful ones can be selected according to your taste on the Internet, without even resorting to the help of a speech therapist.

Important! The problem with the sound “r” is often of a physiological nature (insufficient development of the so-called “frenulum”, due to which the tongue does not reach the palate, and the baby objectively cannot “growl”). It is for this reason that children who cannot pronounce “r” are usually advised to show it to a specialist. For self-control, listen, perhaps your baby does not always “swallow” the letter “r”, but only in individual sounds, then, most likely, you just need to practice the skill.

There are many exercises for “r” that have been developed. Here are a few of them:

The child should open his mouth and press his tongue to the base of his upper teeth. In this position, you need to pronounce the sound “d” several times in a row. Further the task becomes more complicated. All the same is accompanied by exhaling air and directing it to the tip of the tongue. The point is for the baby to remember the vibration that occurs when performing the exercise. It is she who is present when pronouncing the sound “r”.
We pronounce “zh” with our mouth wide open, gradually raising our tongue to the upper teeth. At this time, the adult carefully places a special spatula under the child’s tongue and makes sideways movements with it to create vibration. The child's task is to blow on his tongue.
The baby pulls his tongue back and says “for”, and the adult inserts a spatula under the tongue in the same way as in the previous exercise. If you perform the technique correctly, the sound will be “r”, and the child should remember this feeling.

Exercises for sizzling

Of all the hissing sounds, the easiest one to “agree on” is the sound “sh”; this is where the production usually begins. The baby is asked to say “sa”, slowly raising his tongue to the base of the upper teeth until a hiss is heard. Now, as the air is released from the lungs, the child adds “a” to pronounce “sha.” An adult should help transform “sa” into “sha”, using the same spatula. We remember the sensations and hone the skill.

We also start with a simple “s”. The performance involves a spatula, with which an adult places the tongue in the correct position.

To set the “ch,” we pronounce “t” with an exhalation, and the adult uses a spatula to push the tongue back.

Don’t forget about the mirror, and don’t get tired of showing your child the correct pronunciation technique.

Your baby really wants to complete the task so that you can be proud of him! Children are also natural imitators. Therefore, if a four-year-old child has speech disorders, but no other pathologies have been identified, the problem will be solved very quickly if you are patient and give your child a little attention and love.

The topic of producing sounds in five-year-old children, which worries many parents and is far from the simplest in itself, requires careful consideration. Very little attention is often paid to speech therapy classes for children, and completely in vain. Adults brush it off, saying that it will go away on its own with age, but it may not go away. Often, the “clumsy” speech of an adult takes its origins from these children’s “dropouts.”

Incorrect unclean speech creates, first for the child, and then for the adult, a lot of complexes. He becomes withdrawn and uncommunicative. Hurry to correct the shortcomings now to help your baby avoid similar problems in the future. You can do this at home too. The home environment liberates the child, and it is easier for him to study freely. We bring to your attention a number of useful and interesting games that you can organize yourself.

Development of speech in a child should begin from preschool age

Types of defects

Let us first turn to the main types of speech disorders. There are a huge number of them, but each one ultimately becomes unique, as it belongs to a specific child:

Stuttering (we recommend reading:). This phenomenon occurs most often. You can notice it closer to three years, when the child begins to build his first large sentences. To correct the defect, it is better to immediately contact a specialist. It is also important to monitor your progress and not give up playing exercises, because there are cases when the “disease” has returned again.
Dislalia (we recommend reading:). This tricky word means nothing more than confusion in the pronunciation of individual consonant sounds. Most often this phenomenon covers the sounds “r”, “l” and “sh”.
Nasality. This phenomenon also occurs among defects, but most likely the problem lies precisely in the incorrect structure of the speech apparatus, then mom and dad have a direct path to an ENT specialist, who will try to solve it and correct it as much as possible.
General underdevelopment of speech or. Often this phenomenon is deeply connected with the wrong approach in communicating with the child. In a family with a baby, they often babbled and distorted words and endings. All this created enormous confusion in the child’s head and now he himself constantly confuses prepositions, endings, etc. Hurry up to fix it, because school is just around the corner!
Congenital diseases of neurological origin. In this case, consultation and treatment with a neurologist is strictly necessary.
Delayed speech development or SRD. This disease can manifest itself closer to the age of three. The average child usually speaks a lot and incessantly at this age, but if there is a clear paucity of speech, it is worth visiting a specialist for consultation.

Stay alert at all times. No flaws should escape your close attention. If you notice something is wrong, do not delay treatment, but contact experienced doctors as soon as possible.

If the poverty of a preschooler’s speech is noticeable, you need to consult with an experienced speech therapist - it is possible that certain deviations will be identified

Help from a speech therapist: when is it time?

We must sadly admit that modern means of communication, such as television and computers, have abruptly and thoroughly replaced communication from life. Reading books has been reduced to a minimum, but watching TV shows and cartoons takes almost half a day. Children communicate too little both with their parents and with each other. TV offers a wide range of everything interesting and exciting, which means there is no point in looking for other ways to obtain information.

This is where problems with sound pronunciation arise. They occur more and more often, and the problem sometimes gets worse quickly. Behind the TV and monitor, a parent may not notice that the child needs help, but it should be provided the sooner, the better. Any problem, in particular speech therapy, cannot be delayed, then the opportunity to correct what is wrong and deliver correct speech increases significantly.

Home speech therapy classes

Most often, speech therapy specialists are visited by parents with children after the age of four. This is the age when children can already master the pronunciation of complex consonant sounds, and also know how to construct logically complete sentences. At the age of six, a child can easily construct a story - for example, from a picture. Is this task too much for your child? This is a reason to worry and ask for help from a specialist.

Getting a diagnosis from a speech therapist or other specialist will involve attending classes, usually several times a week. It is imperative to follow the schedule, otherwise achieving sustainable results will be quite difficult.

Perseverance and perseverance will certainly bear their worthy and pleasant fruits in the form of pure speech. It is advisable to play games at home in a good mood and not force the baby to practice against his will. We will bring to your attention interesting and useful exercises that can be done at home, starting from the existing problem.

Parents can also study with their child at home, using educational materials.

For pronunciation of sounds

Most often, the sounds L, R and Sh fall into the field of activity of a speech therapist. They are the most insidious. The baby may at first simply miss them in words and not say them. This is a variant of the norm; over time, the baby will master these sounds, but the situation becomes more complicated when the child chooses easier sounds to replace them and replaces them with those that are difficult to pronounce.

Sound R

It is important to stretch the entire articulatory apparatus before games. Everything should work for children - the tongue, the lips, and the palate. Let's start with the sound R. The following exercises will be good helpers:

You should open your mouth wide and smile in this position. The lower jaw remains motionless. The tip of the tongue makes stroking movements along the upper palate back and forth. Practice yourself so that you can later explain this to your child more clearly and understandably.
The tip of the tongue makes cleaning movements on the inside of the teeth. The mouth is open wide. A correct explanation will help any 5-year-old to cope with this exercise.
A good exercise would be this developmental option. A small ball with a hole should be placed on a stick. We ask the little one to open his mouth and say: “DDRR”. At this moment, you need to move the ball under the tongue. Movements must be fast.
The child is given the task to say the word “yes”. The tip of the tongue rests against the upper teeth. Then the sound “Dy”, now the tongue rests on the upper palate.

The training video that you will see below will help you to correctly place the articulation to pronounce the sound “r”. Let's move on to the next difficult sound.

Sound L

We pronounce the sound “L”:

The mouth is wide open and the tongue rests on the lower lip. Helping yourself with your hand, supporting your chin, pronounce the syllables “la”, “lo”, “li”, “lu”.
Make coloring movements with your tongue across the surface of the palate.
Invite your baby to reach the tip of his nose with his tongue.
We lick our lips as if there was jam left there.

Sound Sh

Let's move on to the complex sound "SH":

Place the very tip of the tongue under the upper lip. Now a sharp jerk downward, you should get a loud click.
Pull the sponges forward with a tube and freeze in this position for about 7 seconds.
Place a small piece of cotton wool on the baby's nose and offer to blow it off. The baby's task is to lift the fleece up. This exercise is very fun and your baby will surely enjoy it.

These were exercises on articulation and correct production of sounds. Below we will look at interesting exercise options for daily developmental activities.

Activities for clear speech

Five-year-old children are already very smart and are excellent at repeating after adults and reproducing even very complex actions. Indeed, articulation tasks can sometimes be quite difficult. We have excluded all the most difficult ones and left only those exercises that are easy to perform and at the same time very effective. They will be an excellent workout for children with special needs.

Articulation gymnastics

Smile widely, showing everyone your teeth. Then we pull the sponges forward with a tube.
Tighten your lip muscles as much as possible, then smoothly relax.
Lightly bite the lower and upper lips alternately.
We use our tongue to depict the clatter of hooves. All kids love to do this.

Warm-up time will take no more than 15 minutes. All exercises will be useful not only for children, but also for adults who have some problems with diction.

We will also offer fun and effective speech games for children 5-6 years old for correct sound pronunciation:

Play the baby's cry: "Wa-wa!"
We squeal like mice: “Peep-pee-pee.”
We scream as if we were lost in the forest: “Ay! Aw!”
We hum like the wind in the mountains: “Uuuuu!”
We combine vowels and consonants. We scream like animals: “Meow”, “Woof”, “Kwa-kwa”, “Ga-ha-ga”.
We growl like bears: “Rrrrr!”
We sing a song: “La-la-la, la-la-la.”

By the way, singing is very useful for learning correct speech. Any favorite song will come in handy. Many children really love songs like “There was a birch tree in the field” or “Two cheerful geese lived with grandma.” They will be excellent helpers, because there is a smooth stretching of sounds, and this is a great thing for correcting pronunciation. It is not for nothing that in kindergartens the educational program necessarily includes music classes, although they do not exclude the activities of a speech therapist, who is also present there.

Singing, even amateur, helps a child quickly develop correct speech skills

Kindergarten classes

In kindergartens, as a rule, speech therapy games are held, which are divided into 2 main types:

Individual. When a certain child has a problem that needs to be solved.
Group. Classes are held simultaneously with several children who have similar speech defects.

Such classes are necessary in every preschool institution, but the truth is that they are not available everywhere. Closer to school age, speech therapy classes become mandatory, because preparation for school is underway. Chanting will be a great workout. They seem to be songs, but not simple ones. Sound pronunciation occurs along with the performance of certain actions.

Good game "Flying Plane". The kids imitate the sound of a flying airplane in unison: “Uuuuuu!” At the same time, to be convincing, you should spread your wings. We command:

The plane flies closer (the hum becomes louder), the plane flies away (the sound becomes quieter).
Breaking! Simultaneously with the humming, babies hit themselves on the chest with their palms.
We're about to land! Continuing to hum: “Uuuuu!” airplanes land and sit on their seats.

Practice with a microphone. Try showing your children how the volume of sound changes when we move the microphone closer or further away.

Remember that most problems can be solved. The main thing is not to neglect or leave everything to chance, but to study and develop, then even diagnoses like mental retardation or mental retardation will not seem so scary.

Working with a microphone allows you to develop a child’s artistry, and gives him the opportunity to hear his speech from the outside

When the doctor diagnosed “ZPR”

In addition to parents who are ready to independently find a lot of shortcomings in their little one, there are also those who, on the contrary, do not notice the obvious. At five years old, a child should be able to express his thoughts freely and coherently. Confusing syllables in words at this age is unacceptable.

Here are a number of diagnoses, the formulation of which often frightens parents:

ZRR. With this diagnosis, only the pronunciation side lags behind in its development. Mental functions are not impaired. Early diagnosis will prevent RRD from developing into ZPRD.
ZPRD - delayed psycho-speech development (we recommend reading:). In this case, not only speech suffers, but also the psyche, and with it mental abilities.
Mental retardation – mental retardation. An extensive diagnosis that, among other areas, also affects the child’s pronunciation skills.

When making one of the diagnoses, you should seek help from specialists as soon as possible, because the sooner the treatment process begins, the faster and more effective the rehabilitation will be. Neglect can occur in any type of disease, so do not delay starting therapy.

Loving parents should first of all create a positive and calm external environment for the child, and also start looking for smart doctors. Here, most likely, you will need a speech therapist and a neurologist. Below we provide a small list of didactic literature that can be very useful during corrective exercises with a child.

Literature

When someone in the family has speech defects, didactic thematic books must be at hand and on the shelves. Competent authors offer sets of lessons for speech therapy games that will be very useful.

“Speech therapy homework for children 5-7 years old with OHP”, author Teremkova N.E. This is the first of four albums. Each album is dedicated to specific lexical topics.
“Speech therapy group: play sessions with children 5-7 years old,” author Derbina A.I. The best way to teach a child something is through play. A playful form of presenting material would be appropriate for preschool children. This book is suitable for parents of children with complex speech defects.
“Speech therapist lessons. Games for speech development”, author Kosinova E.M. This book also offers a playful form of presenting the material, and another big plus is that it can be used with children of completely different ages: from 6 months to 6 years! The book contains tasks for finger and articulatory gymnastics (we recommend reading:).
“Encrypted tongue twisters. Sweetie”, author Kodolbenko E.A. Many interesting proverbs like “There is grass in the yard, there is firewood on the grass” will definitely be appreciated by your child.
“Fun Logorhythmics”, author Zheleznova E. The audio guide is aimed at developing the child’s correct sound pronunciation, as well as fine and gross motor skills, in a playful way.

If your child needs help speaking beautifully and clearly, consult with our speech therapist.

In speech therapy classes, children become familiar with various objects, their signs and actions. The development of the sound side of speech is closely related to a child’s learning to read and write, the ability to recognize the place of sound in a word, to identify hissing, whistling sounds, vowels and consonants, soft and hard.

During the classes, vocabulary is refined and enriched, children learn to construct correct sentences and express their thoughts coherently and consistently. Various teaching aids (texts, stories, fairy tales, poems) and various visual materials (pictures, toys, objects) are used. In addition, tasks containing vocabulary, question-and-answer work, work on sentences and coherent speech, tasks to develop speech understanding and work on the accumulation of vocabulary are included.

The speech therapist works on the formation of the grammatical structure of the child’s speech, the forms of singular and plural numbers. At each lesson, speech therapy gymnastics is carried out, this develops the mobility of the speech organs, finger games are also included, work is carried out on the prosodic side of speech, including the development of diction, expressiveness of speech, correct breathing, work on the correct stress, tempo of speech.

All these skills are necessary for a child to replenish his vocabulary and further teach him to read. Speech therapy classes will help the child speak easily, without speech hesitations, correctly arrange words in a sentence, and increase his vocabulary.

This will contribute to the child’s desire to communicate in society and learn new things. Also in our club, your baby can undergo a psychological and speech therapy examination, which will help you understand what level of development your baby is at and select an individual training program. After all, correct speech is the key to your child’s success!

Classes with a speech therapist for children 5 years old are extremely relevant. This is the age when there is very little left before school. Obviously, every first grader must pronounce sounds correctly, use words and their forms correctly, and correctly construct sentences and short stories. Therefore, it is worth using the time remaining before school as efficiently as possible.

Speech therapy classes for children aged 5-6 years are included in the program of all groups of our center without exception. This means that all children, during group classes, together with an experienced speech therapist, work on developing correct pronunciation, expanding their vocabulary, and developing the richness of spoken language. This is an effective technique because working in a team has a stimulating effect.

Classes with a speech therapist for children 5 years old - when do you need to pay individual attention?

If we are talking about classes with children who do not have signs of vocabulary deficit or any defects in sound pronunciation, group work is sufficient. If a child pronounces sounds incorrectly or shows signs of insufficient speech development or age-related delays, preference should be given to individual work.

Speech therapy classes for children aged 5-6 years in our club can be held in this form if necessary. An attentive, caring teacher will offer the most appropriate type of speech therapy massage in a particular case, draw up an exercise plan for the development of articulatory muscles and, of course, will be able to instill in the child the motivation to improve his speech.

The premises of our clubs are equipped with bactericidal devices, and are also regularly wet cleaned, treated with a steam cleaner, disinfected and ventilated, and children with signs of illness are not allowed to attend classes, so you do not have to be afraid that your child will become infected with colds from other children.

Speech therapy classes for children 5-6 years old - what methods are used?

Articulatory gymnastics are special exercises that help develop sufficient strength and at the same time elasticity of all elements of the speech apparatus. For example, they develop the mobility of the frenulum of the tongue, which contributes to better pronunciation of the sounds “r”, “l” and others. Speech therapy massage is a method of manual manipulation. During a session with a speech therapist for children 5 years old, the specialist massages certain areas, relieving tension in them. Exercises aimed at introducing new words and acquiring the skill of expressing thoughts. For example, it is possible to work in the form of composing a story based on a series of interesting images. The ability to present such a narrative is very useful for a future first-grader.

Speech therapy classes for children aged 5-6 years are held in a fun, often playful way. Our students, approaching school age, are fully prepared for first grade. They demonstrate a wide range of knowledge, which they can present colorfully, and a stable motivation for cognitive activity. This can be achieved, in particular, thanks to classes with a speech therapist for children 5 years old.

The science of speech defects, studying ways to eliminate them, as well as special exercises for the language - speech therapy. Not only children, but also adults turn to this science in order to pronounce sounds correctly and beautifully and to be successful in any business where they need to convince, inspire, and share information with other people. To correct speech defects, regular speech therapy exercises are used for children and adults.

Some parents face speech problems in their children

In our article you will find useful tips for yourself on acquiring the skills of correct articulation, as well as a lot of valuable techniques for correcting the pronunciation of sounds by your children.

In order to achieve high results in business and have the ability to persuade, it is necessary not only to speak impeccably, but also to express your thoughts clearly and legibly. Not everyone can immediately master this science, so there are various practices to improve skills.

Speech therapy exercises for adults

Speech is unclear in adults, too, so ask your friends if you have any pronunciation problems. You can simply record a few phrases on a voice recorder and then listen carefully to your voice.

There are speech therapy exercises for adults, the main of which is memorizing and studying tongue twisters. If it is better for children to offer it in a playful way, then for adults it is enough to give them a task to practice the skill.

Problems with pronunciation in most cases are easily corrected after a course of regular lessons

So, everyone must follow the following rules during training:

read the tongue twister 3-4 times;
repeat it slowly, pronouncing it clearly and distinctly;
when you can pronounce everything correctly, you can speed up the pace;
it is important to pronounce all sounds efficiently, and not quickly;
short tongue twisters need to be spoken in one breath.

The same tasks are suitable for adults and children:

clink your tongue, imitate a horse galloping;
smile and try to reach the roof of your mouth with your tongue;
imagine that you are licking honey from your lips without touching the corners of your lips;
press your tongue between your teeth and move it up and down.

To make sure the tasks you perform are correct, use a mirror. To track your progress, read an excerpt from a story with an expression or a poem, paying attention to all punctuation marks.

Speech therapy exercises for children

All speech therapy exercises for children should be performed unnoticed by the baby, so that it is all a serene pastime in a playful way.

You can come up with funny names for each task, because the child loves associations, sometimes the most unexpected ones. So, the kids will like such as “Horse”, “Chickens”.

Having identified problematic sounds, you can select certain exercises to correct the problem.

Completing tasks contributes to the development of the baby’s articulatory apparatus, allows you to eliminate pronunciation defects and form the necessary speech skills.

“Gate”: you need to open your mouth wide to relax your lips, repeat 6 times.
“Spatula”: you should place your tongue on your lower lip.
“Vase”: place the tongue on the upper lip, repeat 5 times.
“Ball”: inflate one or the other cheek, as if a ball is rolling in the mouth.

Your child’s pronunciation will be clear if for training you take words with a large number of consonants: plate, girlfriend, foreign tourist, karateka, bunch, bed, mug, jump. They need to be spoken out daily and trained to hear every sound.

Speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds

Children often fail to pronounce sibilants correctly for a long time; sometimes they need to practice until school. It’s good if the child’s environment speaks and can correct the child’s pronunciation. Let's consider which speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds are most relevant. They are suitable for both adults and children, if such problems exist.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter w

It is important to know what to do when articulating. So, first we round the lips and round them, the teeth do not close, the edges of the tongue are pressed against the teeth, and it itself forms a scoop. We exhale air with the addition of a voice when pronouncing the hissing sound.

Here are the basic speech therapy exercises for the letter w:

“Accordion” to strengthen the muscles of the tongue in a vertical position: open your mouth, smile, and press your tongue to the roof of your mouth. Open and close your mouth 5 times.
“Pie”: open your mouth and smile, curl your tongue, lifting the edges. Count to 15 and then repeat.

Classes to correct the pronunciation defect of the sound z

They can also be used when training the pronunciation of other sibilants.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound h

There are also speech therapy exercises for the sound h:

“Mushroom” for stretching the hyoid frenulum: open the mouth, stretch the lips, and touch the palate with the tongue so that its edges are pressed tightly. Repeating, you need to open your mouth wider.
“Trick”: stick out your tongue, smiling, lift the tip, blow the cotton wool off your nose. Repeat 5-6 times.

Such exercises help strengthen the muscles of the tongue and develop its mobility, which is useful when pronouncing hissing words.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter w

There are also speech therapy exercises for the letter w:

“Cup”: place your tongue on your lower lip, then lift it and hold it for a few seconds. Repeat 8 times.
“Football”: stretch out your lips with a straw and blow on cotton wool in the shape of a ball, trying to get into an improvised goal.

Lessons to correct problems with sound

These tasks should be completed during games every day so that the child’s articulatory apparatus develops and pronunciation improves.

Speech therapy exercises for consonants

Often, both adults and children have difficulty pronouncing certain consonants, so speech therapy exercises for consonant sounds are needed to correct speech.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter L

Let us now consider speech therapy exercises for the letter l:

“Train whistle”: stick out your tongue and make a loud “ooh-ooh” sound.
“Tongue song”: you need to bite your tongue and sing “lek-lek-lek.”
“Painter”: you need to press your tongue with your teeth and move it up and down, as if you were painting a house.

Practicing movements for the correct pronunciation of the sound l

If the training is intended for children, then you can come up with a game in which you will need to complete these tasks.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter c

Let’s now look at speech therapy exercises starting with the letter c:

show how a pump inflates a tire;
depict how the wind blows;
convey how a balloon deflates;
show what you can hear if you blow into a bottle with a narrow neck.

In order to bring the child closer to understanding what they want from him, put a toothpick on his tongue and ask him to press it with his teeth, smile and blow out air.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound r

Let's find out speech therapy exercises for the sound r, which is the most problematic for all children:

“Brushing your teeth”: you need to move the tongue along the inside of your teeth in different directions.
“Musician”: with your mouth open, drum your tongue on the alveoli, saying “d-d-d”, reminiscent of a drum roll. You can check the correct execution by holding a piece of paper to your mouth. It should move with the air flow.
“Dove”: you need to move your tongue back and forth along the upper lip, copying the bird “bl-bl-bl”.

Training for the correct pronunciation of the sound p

These training tasks will help to overcome the most difficult sound for children, as the articulatory apparatus will be more mobile. After this, you can begin to select words with the letter r.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound t

Sometimes simple sounds are difficult for people to pronounce correctly when it is difficult to understand the meaning of a word or even a statement. Such problems must be dealt with. And here are the most effective speech therapy exercises for the sound t:

the tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth and pronounce “t-t-t”;
imitating a knock-knock hammer or a tick-tick clock;
we walk along the road with the baby, repeating “top-top-top”;
learning the tongue twister “Dust flies across the field from the clatter of hooves.”

How to do exercises for correct pronunciation of the sound t

It will also be useful to repeat these exercises every day in order for the training to be effective. Watch what your baby listens to, as speech is formed depending on how we perceive sounds by ear. Make sure that all family members do not lisp or use words in a diminutive form in front of the baby.

Speech therapy exercises for stuttering

All speech therapy exercises for stuttering are aimed at developing fluency of speech. Try to relax your child before classes, use playful forms of work that are most appropriate for children.

Let's take a look at the most necessary tasks in such a situation:

Read the poem to calm music without words, small at first, and over time complicate the task.
Clap your hands for the vowel sounds that appear in the word.
“Conductor”: chant a few words, syllables, vowel sounds, focusing on waving your arms and observing the rhythm.
“Carousel”: you need to walk in a circle, repeating the phrase “We are a funny carousel oops-opa-opa-pa-pa.”

Remember that you must pay attention to speech breathing during classes. Start each session gradually and smoothly, and then you can speed up the pace if everything works out for you.

Problems with speech and articulation can be resolved over time and through daily training, willpower and motivation.

We wish you success!

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