Where are the ground forces located? Organizational structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces)

Ground forces are the backbone of the army of any country in the world, and the Russian army is no exception. The Russian Ground Forces are one of the three main types of troops of the Russian Armed Forces, their main task is to conduct combat operations on land.

Ground forces are the most ancient type of troops. In Russia, their history begins in the 13th century. Army Day in our country is celebrated on October 1. This date was not chosen by chance: it was on October 1, 1550 that Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible issued a decree on the creation of a regular army from among selected servicemen. Therefore, in 2006, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation, the holiday “Ground Forces Day” was established on this day. Every year on October 1, Russians pay tribute to the soldiers who died defending the Fatherland.

Russian Ground Forces: structure and strength

The ground forces of the Russian Federation in 2019 had a strength of about 300 thousand people. The Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces since 2014 has been O. L. Salyukov.

The goals and objectives of the Ground Forces can be divided into three groups:

• in peacetime;
• in a threatened environment;
• during the war.

During peacetime, the Ground Forces are obliged to maintain a high level of combat training, ensure constant readiness for operational and mobilization deployment, and create a reserve of weapons, ammunition and military equipment in case of war. During peacetime, ground forces participate in peacekeeping missions.

In a threatening period, the Ground Forces increase their numbers, provide conditions for rapid deployment, prepare military equipment and weapons for a future conflict, carry out defensive measures, and increase the training of human reserves.

In wartime, the Ground Forces are deployed; the main task during this period is to repel the enemy’s aggression and defeat him.

The Ground Forces include several branches of service:

• motorized rifle;
• tank;
• missile forces and artillery;
• air defense troops of the Ground Forces;
• special troops.

Each of the above types of troops has its own structure.

The Russian Ground Forces are divided into four districts. The territorial structure of NE Russia is as follows:

• Western Military District (two armies with headquarters in St. Petersburg and Voronezh);
• central military district (two armies with headquarters in Samara and Novosibirsk);
• southern military district (two armies with headquarters in Stavropol and Vladikavkaz);
• eastern military district (it includes four armies, headquarters are located in Ulan-Ude, Belogorsk, Chita and Ussuriysk).

Armies consist of divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, companies and platoons.

The Russian Ground Forces can be divided into three components. The first includes control bodies (headquarters) and communications, military units of constant readiness, which can perform limited tasks even in peacetime. Such units are given special attention in terms of manpower (mainly contract soldiers), military equipment and weapons.

The second component includes reduced-strength units that can perform limited tasks in peacetime conditions. In wartime conditions, such units should become the basis for the deployment of the army.

The third component includes strategic reserves.

This structure of the Ground Forces is optimal, since it allows saving public funds, while constantly having forces sufficient for use in local conflicts.

Military-industrial complex

Before moving on to the description of the military branches, a few words should be said about the Russian military industry in relation to the needs of the Ground Forces.

Russia inherited from the USSR a powerful military-industrial complex capable of fully satisfying the needs of the domestic armed forces. Moreover, the Russian Federation is one of the largest players in the arms market, and most of the domestic products sold on world markets are military equipment and weapons for ground forces.

The Russian military-industrial complex fully meets the needs of the Ground Forces for small arms and ammunition, armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks and other combat vehicles), artillery weapons and missiles. The list goes on.

There are dozens of design bureaus and production associations in Russia that develop, test, produce and modernize military equipment and weapons.

Most of the weapons currently used in the Russian Ground Forces were developed back in Soviet times. However, over the past few years, active modernization of the armed forces, including the Ground Forces, has been carried out.

The basis of the Russian Ground Forces are motorized rifle troops. This branch of the military appeared in 1963. The main feature of motorized rifle troops is their high level of mobility and firepower.

The Russian motorized rifle troops are equipped with both Soviet-made weapons and modern types of equipment created in recent years. This allows them to effectively hit any type of target.

In addition to the main units, motorized rifle troops have tank, anti-aircraft, artillery, and anti-tank units. There are also special-purpose units that can perform various tasks, including logistics, as well as in-depth reconnaissance behind enemy lines. All of the above significantly increases the firepower of this type of troops.

The main advantage of motorized rifle troops is their high mobility, which allows motorized riflemen to move from one type of combat operations to another in the shortest possible time and ensures their extreme tactical versatility. Motorized rifle units can alternate between maneuver and strike, quickly concentrate in the right place and disperse if necessary.

Today, Russian motorized rifle units are armed with modern small arms, infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3), armored personnel carriers (BTR-70, BTR-80, BTR-90), and are fully provided with road transport, including its latest samples. Motorized rifle units are armed with reconnaissance vehicles, anti-tank and anti-aircraft systems (both portable and self-propelled) and other types of weapons.

Russian motorized rifle troops took part in the civil war in Tajikistan on the side of government forces and were the backbone of federal forces during the Chechen campaigns. Motorized rifle formations took part in the war in Georgia in 2008.

Currently, a new line of armored vehicles is being developed specifically for the Ground Forces on the Kurganets universal base, which is planned to be put into production in the near future.

According to modern military doctrine, tank forces are the main striking force of the Ground Forces. Russia inherited powerful tank forces and several powerful tank production centers from the USSR. Back in 2005, the Russian army had 23 thousand tanks of various types and modifications in service. They were gradually withdrawn from service; in 2009, only 2 thousand vehicles officially remained in service.

The main task facing the country's military leadership in the first decade of this century was the modernization of the tank fleet inherited from the Soviet Union. One of the priority tasks for the development of tank forces in the period from 2005 to 2010 was arming tank units with the latest T-90 type vehicles.

In parallel, work was carried out to create a new generation of combat vehicles. In 2011, they decided to stop purchasing old equipment and concentrate on developing the new Armata combat platform.

According to the official website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, today the Russian army is armed with T-72 (various modifications), T-80 and T-90 tanks. In addition, a large number of tanks of older models are being mothballed. According to some sources, there are about 8 thousand of them.

Recently, the latest Russian tank of the latest generation, Armata, was shown to the general public. On its basis they plan to create a whole family of new combat vehicles. Currently, state tests of this technology are underway.

In addition to direct tank formations, the tank forces also include motorized rifle (mechanized), missile, artillery and anti-aircraft units. Tank units include engineering services, electronic warfare units, and automobile units. They can be assigned attack and transport helicopters.

Tank troops combine high maneuverability and firepower, and are highly resistant to weapons of mass destruction.

Although the importance of tank forces has relatively decreased in recent decades, they still remain the main striking force of the Ground Forces and will undoubtedly retain their importance in the coming decades.

Modern tanks are capable of overcoming water obstacles, conducting active combat operations in the daytime and at night, and making rapid forced marches.

Every second of September, Russia celebrates Tankman Day, remembering the invaluable services of armored forces in past wars and their significant role in strengthening the country’s defense capability today.

Rocket Forces and Artillery

This branch of the military also appeared in the early 60s of the last century. It consists of formations of operational-tactical missiles, formations of tactical missiles, large-caliber rocket artillery, as well as cannon, rocket and howitzer artillery. The missile forces include mortar units and artillery reconnaissance, supply and control units.

The military doctrine states that this branch of the military is the main means of inflicting fire damage on the enemy in battle. Missiles and artillery can also use weapons of mass destruction.

Today, the Missile Forces are armed with a large number of artillery and missile weapons, mainly developed in the Soviet years.

The most widely known to the general public are the Grad, Smerch, and Uragan multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS). They were used by Soviet troops during the Afghan war, went through both Chechen campaigns and proved to be a very reliable and effective type of weapon.

New developments include the Tornado MLRS and the Iskander operational missile system.

In recent decades, the role of combat aviation has increased significantly. Airplanes have become faster, stealthier and deadlier. That is why there was a need for a separate branch of the military, whose task is to cover ground forces during combat operations or on the march. Air defense troops of the Ground Forces also provide cover for military and civilian targets in the near rear.

The air defense of the Ground Forces and the air defense, which protects the entire territory of the country, should not be confused - these are two different types of troops.

The task of the Air Defense of the Ground Forces is to detect enemy air weapons attacking the covered troops and destroy them. In addition, the air defense forces are responsible for missile defense in their cover area.

The date of birth of the Air Defense of the Ground Forces can be called October 1941, it was then that, by decision of the military command, the entire air defense system was divided into front-line and general, the task of which was the defense of objects in the Soviet rear.

The Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces are armed with anti-aircraft systems that allow them to fight air targets at all altitudes and speeds.

Long-range air defense systems include various modifications of the S-300 complex, which have a range of destruction of air targets of up to 100 km. Anti-aircraft systems operating at medium distances include modifications of the Buk and Kub complexes. Their engagement range is about 30 km (the latest Buk has 70 km), and the interception altitude of the latest Buk modifications exceeds 50 km.

Anti-aircraft missile systems that can destroy targets at a distance of up to 30 km also include the Tor (various modifications) and Krug systems. Currently, obsolete Tor systems are being modified to more modern ones.

The air defense forces are also armed with close combat systems, which make it possible to destroy air targets at distances of up to 10 km. These include various modifications of the Strela anti-aircraft complex. There are also man-portable anti-aircraft systems (MANPADS) that can be used at relatively short distances. These include MANPADS "Strela", "Igla" and "Verba". The last anti-aircraft missile system was put into service in 2014.

Military conflict is not only about a soldier with a weapon in a trench or behind the levers of a tank. Modern warfare is primarily a logistical challenge. In order for a frontline fighter to fight and effectively destroy the enemy, he needs to be provided with a lot of things. And above all, deliver him to the battlefield.

The direct transportation of personnel, military equipment and material resources is carried out by automobile, railway and road troops.

The engineering troops are engaged in the construction of fortifications, overcoming water obstacles, and the installation and neutralization of minefields. The engineering troops have engineering reconnaissance units.

RCBZ are designed to eliminate the consequences of the enemy’s use of weapons of mass destruction. This type of troops is also used to eliminate the consequences of man-made disasters.

Pipeline troops are designed to lay main pipelines and supply troops with fuels and lubricants. The task of these units is to supply a sufficient amount of fuel over tens and hundreds of kilometers.

The main task of the signal troops is to ensure coordination between various military units and structures. It is precisely well-established communication that allows one to quickly command troops, timely use various types of weapons, and avoid retaliatory strikes from the enemy.

Video about the Russian Ground Forces

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Armed forces of the Russian Federation. It wouldn’t hurt to imagine what their purpose is. This is necessary at least in order not to get into trouble by naming them incorrectly in a conversation.

What division of the armed forces exists?

They were formed depending on where the fighting took place: at sea or on land, in the sky or in space. In this regard, the types of troops of the Russian Federation are distinguished. Their list is as follows: ground and air forces, and navy. Each of them is a complex structure formed from special branches of troops that have different purposes. All these types of troops differ in the type of weapons. The training of military personnel in each of them has its own specifics.

First type: ground forces

It forms the base of the army and is the most numerous. Its purpose is to conduct combat operations on land, hence the name. No other types of Russian troops can compare with this, since it is distinguished by its diverse composition. It is distinguished by the great power of the blow it delivers. Ground forces are those types of troops of the Russian Federation (photo presented in the article) that have excellent maneuverability and independence. In addition, they can act both separately and together with others. Their purpose is to repel an enemy invasion, gain a foothold in positions, and advance on enemy formations.

Today, the following types of ground forces of the Russian Federation are distinguished:

• mobile motorized rifle, tank and lightning missile forces, artillery and air defense, military command and control;
• special troops, such as reconnaissance and communications, technical support and engineering units, units for protection against radiation, chemical and biological attacks, and logistics agencies.

What are motorized rifle and tank troops intended for?

These are types of Russian troops that can perform various combat missions. From breaking through enemy defenses and offensive to long-term and strong consolidation on captured lines. A special place in these issues is given to tanks. Since their actions in the main directions of defense and offensive are characterized by maneuverability and speed in achieving the goal.

Motorized rifle units are distinguished by the fact that they can operate both independently and with the support of other RF Armed Forces. The types of troops that are now being considered are capable of withstanding weapons with any degree of destruction, even nuclear attacks.

But that's not all. The considered types and branches of the armed forces of the Russian Federation are equipped with weapons capable of causing significant damage to the enemy. For example, they have at their disposal automatic guns, artillery and anti-aircraft systems. They have combat vehicles and armored personnel carriers that allow them to move into the thick of battle.

What are missile forces and air defense intended for?

The former exist to carry out nuclear and fire strikes on enemy positions. With the help of missiles and artillery, you can hit the enemy in combined arms combat, as well as cause damage in corps and front-line operations.

An important role in these matters is played by artillery, which is widely represented in units with anti-tank purposes, using mortars, guns and howitzers.

The branches and types of Russian troops associated with air defense bear the main burden in the matter of destroying the enemy in the air. The purpose of these units is to shoot down enemy aircraft and drones. Their structure includes units that use anti-aircraft missiles and anti-aircraft artillery. Not least important are radio engineering units that provide proper communications. Air defense troops perform an important function in covering ground forces from possible enemy air attacks. This is expressed in the fight against enemy troops along the route and at the time of their landing. Before that, they are required to conduct radar reconnaissance in order to promptly notify of a possible attack.

The role of the Airborne Forces and Engineering Troops

A special place is given to They combine all the best that the previously mentioned branches of the RF Armed Forces can give. The branches of the Airborne Forces are equipped with artillery and anti-aircraft missiles. They have airborne combat vehicles and armored personnel carriers at their disposal. Moreover, a special technique has been created that allows using parachutes to drop a variety of cargo in any weather on any terrain. In this case, the time of day and the altitude of the aircraft do not play a role.

The tasks of the Airborne Forces most often are actions behind enemy lines, aimed at disrupting his balance. With their help, the enemy's nuclear weapons are destroyed, strategically important points and objects, as well as control bodies are captured. They carry out tasks to introduce an imbalance into the work of the enemy’s rear.

Engineers are those types and types of troops of the Russian Federation that carry out reconnaissance of the area. Their tasks include erecting barriers and, if necessary, destroying them. They clear areas of mines and prepare the area for maneuvers. They establish crossings to overcome water obstacles. The engineering troops are organizing water supply points.

Second type: Navy

These types and branches of the armed forces of the Russian Federation are intended to conduct combat operations and protect the country's territorial interests on the water surface. also has the ability to launch nuclear strikes against strategically important enemy targets. Its tasks also include the destruction of enemy forces on the high seas and at coastal bases. The Navy is designed to disrupt enemy communications in wartime and protect its own shipping. The fleet is capable of providing serious support to ground forces during joint operations.

The Russian Navy today includes the Baltic, Black Sea, Pacific and Caspian. Each of them includes the following types of troops: submarine and surface forces, naval aviation and infantry, coastal missile and artillery units and service and logistics units.

The purpose of each branch of the Navy

Those located on land are designed to defend the coast and objects located on the coast and of great importance. And without timely and complete maintenance, the Navy bases will not be able to exist for long.

Surface forces are formed from ships and boats, which have different directions from missile and anti-submarine to torpedo and landing. Their purpose is to search for and destroy enemy submarines and their ships. With their help, amphibious landings are carried out, as well as the detection and neutralization of sea mines.

Units with submarines, in addition to detecting enemy submarines, hit enemy ground targets. Moreover, they can act both independently and in conjunction with other Russian troops.

Naval aviation consists of machines that can perform missile-carrying or anti-submarine functions. In addition, aviation performs reconnaissance missions. Aircraft of naval forces serve to destroy the enemy's surface fleet both in the vast ocean and at bases. It is also of considerable importance for covering the Russian fleet during combat operations.

Third type: Air Force

These are the most mobile and maneuverable types and branches of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. Their main task is to ensure the security and protection of the country's territorial interests in the air. In addition, they are designed to protect the administrative, industrial and economic centers of Russia. Their purpose is to protect other troops and ensure the success of operations. With their help, aerial reconnaissance, landing and destruction of enemy positions are carried out.

The Air Force is armed with combat and combat training aircraft, helicopters, transport and special equipment. In addition, they have at their disposal anti-aircraft guns and special-purpose military equipment.

The following types of aviation are distinguished: long-range and versatile front-line, transport and army. In addition to them, there are two more types of anti-aircraft forces: anti-aircraft and radio-technical.

What is the purpose of each branch of the Air Force?

The purpose of military transport aviation is to deliver cargo and troops to the landing site. Moreover, food and medicines and military equipment can act as cargo.

Long-range aviation is the main striking force of the Air Force. Because it is capable of hitting any target with great efficiency.

Front-line aviation is divided into bomber and attack, reconnaissance and fighter. The first two provide air support to ground forces during any combat operations - from defense to attack. The third type of aviation carries out reconnaissance that meets the interests of Russia. The latter exists to destroy enemy aircraft in the air.

Fourth type: strategic missile forces

Formed specifically to conduct actions in a nuclear war. They have at their disposal automated missile systems that are highly accurate. And this despite the enormous flight range possible between the two continents. Today, the branches and types of troops of the Russian Federation are very mobile and complementary. And some of them are undergoing changes. For example, the rocket and space forces were formed from the missile forces. They became the basis for a new type of military - space.

20. Ground forces - the most numerous branch of the Armed Forces, are intended to repel attacks and defeat groupings of aggressor troops in various theaters of military operations and hold ground.

planned territories, regions, borders. They are armed with various types of military equipment, conventional and nuclear weapons and include motorized rifle, tank, airborne troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, which are branches of the military, as well as special troops (formations and units - reconnaissance, engineering, chemical, communications, electronic warfare, technical support, topographic and geodetic, hydrometeorological) and logistics.

21. Motorized rifle and tank troops, forming the basis of the Ground Forces, perform the following tasks: in defense - to hold occupied areas, lines and positions, repulse the attacks of the aggressor and defeat his advancing troops; in the offensive - to break through the enemy’s defenses, defeat groupings of his defending troops, capture important areas, lines and objects, pursue the retreating enemy, conduct oncoming battles and battles.

Motorized rifle troops, Possessing high combat independence and versatility, they are capable of performing the specified tasks in various terrain conditions and in any weather, in main or secondary directions, in the first or second echelon, as part of reserves, naval and airborne assault forces. The basis of motorized rifle troops are motorized rifle formations and units. In addition, they include machine gun and artillery formations and units.

Tank forces, constituting the main striking force of the Ground Forces and possessing great resistance to the damaging factors of nuclear weapons, they are used mainly in the main directions: in defense - mainly as part of the second echelons and reserves for delivering counterattacks (conducting counterattacks) and defeating an invading enemy, and when allocated to the first echelons - to enhance the stability and activity of defense; in the offensive, as a rule, as part of strike groups in the first and second echelons.

Motorized rifle and tank battalions are the main combined arms tactical units, and motorized rifle and tank companies are tactical units. They, interacting with each other, with units of artillery and other branches of the military and special forces, carry out the main task of directly destroying the enemy in close combat. A motorized rifle (tank) battalion usually consists of motorized rifle (tank) companies, communications units, support units and a battalion medical post. A motorized rifle battalion, in addition, may include a mortar (artillery) battery, anti-tank, grenade launcher, anti-aircraft, reconnaissance and other units. A motorized rifle (tank) company usually consists of motorized rifle (tank) platoons. A motorized rifle company may also have an anti-tank squad.

22. Airborne troops are the highly mobile branch of the Ground Forces and are intended to cover the enemy by air and carry out tasks in his rear, both defensively and offensively, acting as airborne assault forces.

23. Rocket troops and artillery Ground forces are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy.

The missile forces are intended to destroy nuclear and chemical attack weapons, ground elements of reconnaissance-strike complexes and other high-precision weapons systems, the main groupings of enemy troops, aviation at their bases, air defense assets and facilities, control posts, rear and other important enemy facilities on the entire depth of its operational formation, remote mining of the area, and in coastal areas, in addition, for the destruction of the bases of the enemy fleet forces, the destruction of its warships and vessels.

Artillery is intended to destroy nuclear and chemical attack weapons, precision weapon systems, artillery, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, anti-tank and other fire weapons, manpower, helicopters on sites, air defense systems, control posts, electronic equipment, destruction of enemy fortifications, remote mining of terrain, light

provision, setting up aerosol (smoke) screens and performing other tasks.

Artillery units carry out fire missions from closed firing positions or direct fire. Direct fire from individual guns, platoons and batteries is used to destroy enemy tanks and other armored vehicles, as well as anti-tank weapons.

Battalion artillery and artillery units assigned to a battalion (company) can independently use the following when engaging the enemy by fire: types of fire: fire on a separate target, concentrated fire, stationary and moving barrage fire, as well as being involved in the conduct of massive fire, sequential concentration of fire, barrage of fire and barrage fire as part of artillery groups or together with them.

Fire at an individual target (group or single) - fire from a battery, whether from a platoon of a gun (mortar, combat vehicle, anti-tank guided missile system), conducted independently from a closed firing position or direct fire.

Concentrated fire is fire conducted simultaneously by several batteries (divisions) at one target.

Fixed defensive fire - a continuous fire curtain created in front of the front ai: skinny (counterattack) protn" ":.ka

Mobile barrage fire is a continuous fire curtain created in the path of movement of tanks and other armored vehicles of the enemy and successively transferred to designated lines as the bulk of these vehicles leave the fire zone.

24. Air defense troops Ground forces are one of the main means of destroying enemy air. They are intended for radar reconnaissance of enemy air and alerting friendly troops about him, covering and protecting troop groups, command posts, airfields, rear and other facilities from enemy air strikes, combating enemy aircraft, cruise, operational-tactical and tactical ballistic missiles, airborne assault forces in flight and airborne elements of reconnaissance and strike complexes.

The anti-aircraft unit assigned to the battalion is intended to destroy enemy air at extremely low and low altitudes. Being in the combat, pre-combat or marching formation of a battalion, it fires at air targets on the move or from short stops, afloat, and in defense and when positioned on the spot, from prepared starting (firing) positions. In this case, the concentration and distribution of fire is used. Concentration of fire is carried out by several platoons, combat vehicles (installations) and anti-aircraft gunners

kami to destroy the most important group or single air targets. Fire distribution is carried out to simultaneously destroy several air targets. In this case, each anti-aircraft gunner, combat vehicle (installation) or platoon is assigned a separate target or group of targets.

25. Reconnaissance units and units are intended for obtaining information about the enemy and the terrain, as well as for performing special tasks.

Corps of Engineers are intended to solve the problems of engineering support for the combat of units and subunits of the Ground Forces, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy using engineering ammunition.

Chemical forces are intended to solve the problems of chemical support for the combat of units and subunits of the Ground Forces, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy using incendiary weapons.

Signal Corps are intended for the deployment and operation of communication systems and provision of command and control of troops in all types of their combat activities. They are also entrusted with the tasks of deploying and operating systems and automation equipment at control points and carrying out organizational and technical measures to ensure communication security.

Electronic warfare units and units intended to carry out tasks to disorganize command and control of troops

and enemy weapons through radio-electronic suppression of communications, radar, radio navigation, radio control and optical-electronic means. In addition, they are used for electronic reconnaissance of the enemy, countering his technical reconnaissance means and carrying out comprehensive technical control.

Formations, units and technical support units intended for the maintenance and storage of operational-tactical and tactical missiles, anti-aircraft missiles, warheads for them, delivery and issue of them to troops and preparation for combat use; providing troops with weapons, equipment, ammunition, measuring instruments and military-technical equipment, storing and maintaining them in readiness for combat use; technical reconnaissance, evacuation, repair of damaged (faulty) weapons and equipment and their timely return to service.

Topogeodetic parts and divisions are intended to perform tasks for geodetic support of units and subunits of the Ground Forces.

Hydrometeorological units and divisions intended for hydrometeorological support of combat operations.

Formations, units and units of the rear intended for logistical support of troops. In terms of the scale and nature of the tasks performed, they belong to the operational or military rear.

Military logistics includes units and units of material support with reserves of materiel, automobile, medical and other units and units of logistics that are part of formations, units and subunits of all branches of the military and special forces. According to affiliation, military rear services are divided into divisional, brigade, regimental, battalion and divisional rear services.

Support Division The battalion is intended for maintenance and ongoing repairs of weapons and equipment of units, maintenance and replenishment of missiles, ammunition, fuel and other materiel, transporting them to units and providing personnel with hot food.

Medical Center The battalion is intended to search for, remove (remove) the wounded from the battlefield, provide pre-medical (paramedic) care to the wounded and sick and prepare them for further evacuation.

Type of Armed Forces - this is part of the Armed Forces of the state, intended to conduct military operations in a certain area (on land, at sea, in air and outer space).

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of three types of armed forces: the Ground Forces, the Air Force and the Navy. Each type, in turn, consists of military branches, special troops and rear services.

Ground troops include military command and control bodies, motorized rifle, tank troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, as well as special troops (formations and units of reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, nuclear technical, technical support, automobile and rear security), military units and logistics institutions, other units, institutions, enterprises and organizations.

Motorized rifle troops designed to conduct combat operations independently and jointly with other branches of the military and special forces. They can operate successfully in conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction and conventional means.

Motorized rifle troops are capable of breaking through prepared enemy defenses, developing an offensive at a high tempo and to great depth, gaining a foothold on captured lines and holding them firmly.

Tank forces are the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They are highly resistant to the damaging effects of nuclear weapons and are used, as a rule, in the main directions of defense and offense. Tank forces are capable of making full use of the results of fire and nuclear strikes and in a short time achieving the final goals of the battle and operation.

Rocket Forces and Artillery are the main means of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy in front-line, army, corps operations and combined arms combat. They include formations and units of operational-tactical missiles of front-line and army subordination and tactical missiles of army and divisional subordination, as well as formations and military units of howitzer, cannon, rocket, anti-tank artillery, mortars, anti-tank guided missiles and artillery reconnaissance.

Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces designed to cover troop groups and their rear from enemy air strikes. They are capable, independently and in cooperation with aviation, of destroying enemy aircraft and unmanned aerial attack vehicles, combating airborne assault forces along their flight routes and during their drop, conducting radar reconnaissance and alerting troops about the threat of an air attack.

Corps of Engineers intended for engineering reconnaissance of terrain and objects, fortification equipment of troop deployment areas, construction of barriers and destruction, making passages in engineering barriers, demining of terrain and objects, preparation and maintenance of traffic and maneuver routes, equipment and maintenance of crossings for overcoming water obstacles, equipment of points water supply.

The engineering troops include the following formations, military units and subunits: engineer-sapper, engineer barriers, engineering-positional, pontoon-bridge, ferry-landing, road-bridge-building, field water supply, engineering-camouflage, engineering-technical, engineering-repair .

Russian Air Force consist of four branches of aviation (long-range aviation, military transport aviation, front-line aviation, army aviation) and two branches of anti-aircraft troops (anti-aircraft missile forces and radio engineering troops).

Long-range aviation is the main strike force of the Russian Air Force. It is capable of effectively hitting important enemy targets: carrier ships of sea-based cruise missiles, energy systems and centers of higher military and government control, nodes of railway, road and sea communications.

Military transport aviation- the main means of landing troops and military equipment during operations in continental and ocean theaters of war. It is the most mobile means of delivering people, materiel, military equipment, and food to specified areas.

Front-line bomber and attack aircraft designed for air support of the Ground Forces in all types of combat operations (defense, offensive, counter-offensive).

Frontline reconnaissance aircraft conducts aerial reconnaissance in the interests of all branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces.

Frontline fighter aviation carries out tasks to destroy enemy air attack weapons while covering troop groups, economic regions, administrative and political centers and other objects.

Army aviation designed for fire support of combat operations of the Ground Forces. During the battle, army aviation strikes at enemy troops, destroys his airborne assault forces, raiding, advanced and outflanking detachments; provides landing and air support for its landing forces, fights enemy helicopters, destroys its nuclear missiles, tanks and other armored vehicles. In addition, it performs combat support tasks (conducts reconnaissance and electronic warfare, lays minefields, adjusts artillery fire, provides control and conduct of search and rescue operations) and logistics support (carries out the transfer of materiel and various cargo, evacuates the wounded from the battlefield ).

Anti-aircraft missile forces designed to cover troops and objects from enemy air strikes.

Radio technical troops carry out tasks of detecting enemy air attack weapons in the air, identifying, tracking, notifying the command, troops and civil defense authorities about them, as well as monitoring the flights of their aircraft.

Russian Navy consists of four branches of forces: submarine forces, surface forces, naval aviation, coastal troops, support and service units.

Submarine forces designed to destroy enemy ground targets, search for and destroy enemy submarines, and strike groups of surface ships, both independently and in cooperation with other naval forces.

Surface forces designed to search and destroy submarines, combat enemy surface ships, land amphibious assault forces, detect and neutralize sea mines and perform a number of other tasks.

Naval aviation designed to destroy enemy naval groups, convoys and landing forces at sea and at bases, to search for and destroy enemy submarines, to cover their ships, and to conduct reconnaissance in the interests of the fleet.

Coastal troops designed for operations in amphibious assaults, defense of the coast and important objects on the shore, protection of coastal communications from enemy attacks.

Support and maintenance units and units provide the basing and combat activities of the fleet's submarine and surface forces.

Questions and tasks

1. What types of troops do the Ground Forces consist of?

2. What types of aviation are included in the Russian Air Force?

3. How many branches of forces and which ones are included in the Russian Navy?

4. Prepare a diagram of the organization of one of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

SEMINAR

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are the basis of the military organization of the state

Target: to form a holistic idea of ​​the military organization of our state, of the leadership of this organization, of the purpose of the organizational structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, types and branches of troops.

Issues for discussion

1. The concept of national security and national interests of the Russian Federation.

2. The structure and tasks of the military organization of our state.

3. Military doctrine of the Russian Federation.

4. Other troops and their main tasks.

5. Purpose and structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

6. Composition and tasks of the branches and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Branches of the Armed Forces are their component parts, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces, the Aerospace Forces, and the Navy. Each Branch of the RF Armed Forces is distinguished by the types of troops (forces), their weapons, quantitative composition, acquisition of military equipment, supplies, training and service of personnel.

Ground troops

The Ground Forces are the largest, most diverse branch of the Russian Armed Forces in terms of weapons and methods of conducting combat operations. They are designed to ensure national security and protect our state from external aggressors on land.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is Colonel General Salyukov Oleg Leonidovich, born in 1955

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was appointed to the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of the Russian Armed Forces in May 2014. Participant in hostilities. Awarded nine medals and four orders. In 2003 he was awarded a diploma and badge of the Supreme Council of the Forum “Public Recognition”.

Composition of the Russian Ground Forces

• Motorized rifle troops are the largest branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces.

• Tank troops are the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They are used primarily with motorized rifle troops in the main directions.

• Missile forces and artillery are a branch of the Ground Forces that are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy during combined arms operations.
• The Air Defense Forces are a branch of the Ground Forces whose task is to repel enemy air strikes and protect troops and rear equipment from air strikes.
• Reconnaissance units and military units are classified as special forces. Their task is to collect information about the enemy, the state of the terrain and weather in order to make a decision on the operation, as well as to prevent sudden enemy actions.
• Engineer troops are special troops that use engineering weapons with the aim of inflicting losses on the enemy through the use of engineer ammunition.
• Radiation, chemical and biological defense troops (RCBZ) are special troops designed to carry out complex activities in conditions of radiation, chemical and biological contamination.
• Signal troops are special troops designed to deploy communications systems and provide command and control of formations and units of the Ground Forces in peacetime and war.

Aerospace Forces

Aerospace forces are a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation that is designed to conduct reconnaissance of the aerospace situation, as well as detect the beginning of an enemy air and missile (aerospace) attack and notify control authorities about it.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation is Colonel General Viktor Nikolaevich Bondarev, born in 1959.

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2012, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation. For the courage and heroism shown in the performance of military duty during the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 21, 2000, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

Composition of the Russian Aerospace Forces

On August 1, 2015, the Air Force and the Aerospace Defense Forces merged into a new branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - the Russian Aerospace Forces

• Air Force - designed to repel aggression in the air and protect air strikes from high-level command posts, as well as defeat enemy troops using conventional and nuclear weapons.
• Space Forces - the main tasks are to monitor space objects and identify threats to Russia in space and from space. Launching spacecraft into orbit.
• Air and missile defense troops solve the problem of repelling aggression in the aerospace sphere and protecting against enemy strikes, as well as defeating the warheads of ballistic missiles of a potential enemy attacking important government facilities.

Navy

The Navy is intended for the armed defense of Russian interests and the conduct of combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war, capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, as well as destroying the enemy at sea and bases.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy is Admiral Vladimir Ivanovich Korolev, born in 1955.

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation in April 2016, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy.

Awarded the Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR” 3rd degree, honorary polar explorer 2015 and other medals.

The operational and strategic formations of the Navy are:

1. Baltic Fleet, headquarters Kaliningrad
2. Northern Fleet, headquarters Severomorsk
3. Black Sea Fleet, headquarters Sevastopol
4. Caspian Flotilla, headquarters Astrakhan
5. Pacific Fleet, headquarters Vladivostok

Navy structure

The Navy includes the following forces:

• Surface forces
• Submarine forces
• Naval aviation: (coastal, deck, strategic, tactical)
• Coastal Fleet Forces: (Marines, Coastal Defense Forces)

Branch of the military

A branch of the armed forces is understood as a part of a branch of the Armed Forces, distinguished by its main weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent branches of the military. In the Russian Armed Forces these are the Strategic Missile Forces and the Airborne Forces.