Test test for the course “General linguistics. Test test for the course “General linguistics Language as a social phenomenon”
Linguistics, linguistics, linguistics are all synonymous names for the same scientific discipline. Linguistics is the science that studies languages that exist, have ever existed or may arise in the future, and thereby human language in general. Linguistics is part of philology, which studies literary and historical monuments of the past. Philology emerged from the depths of philosophy and linguistics itself became a science only in the 19th century. The main characteristic of linguistics is that this science is social. Linguistics is connected with history (any historical era is imprinted in language), with literature (any text is created with the help of language), with psychology (the state of the central nervous system is associated with language), with physiology (human organs are involved in the pronunciation of words), with archeology ( studies ancient history in everyday objects), with geography (the language has dialects), with philosophy.
2. General and specific linguistics.
General linguistics studies the features of human language, the laws of its structure, functioning and development, that is, such facts of language that are characteristic of all languages of the world - that is, linguistic universals (sounds, syllables, parts of speech) Particular language. – deals with individual problems of a language or a group of related languages (for example: Slavic, Germanic.) The particular is divided into descriptive and historical Descriptive – studies the state of the language at a given stage of its development Historical – studies the language in its historical development.
3. Language as a social phenomenon.
Language arises, develops and exists as a social phenomenon. Its main purpose is to serve the needs of human society and, above all, to ensure communication between members of a large or small social group, as well as the functioning of the collective memory of this group. The concept of society is one of the most difficult to define. Society is not just a set of human individuals, but a system of diverse relationships between people belonging to certain social, professional, gender and age, ethnic, ethnographic, religious groups, where each individual occupies his specific place and, therefore, acts as a bearer of a certain social status, social functions and roles.
4. Basic functions of the language.
Commutability allows people to understand each other and establish joint work in all spheres of human life. Thanks to this, it is possible to move forward and further develop human society
Expressive function (expression) - thanks to this function, a person can formulate and express his thoughts. Until a thought is expressed through language, it remains a thought in itself and is not the property of others
The emotive function of expression, emotions. With its help you can express your attitude to what we are talking about.
5. Secondary functions of the tongue.
Figurative function - with its help you can quite clearly characterize the subject of speech, talk about a person, draw a “picture”
Aesthetic - the ability of behavior to paint pictures of beauty in thoughts and feelings. Causes aesthetic pleasure
Pedagogical -in the process of mastering a language, the formation of a person occurs; through language a person learns norms of behavior, morality, principles of life, the idea of good and evil. Thanks to this, human education is carried out
Rechargeable -in the process of his development and formation, a person gains experience, but at the same time he must study and master the experience of previous generations, comprehend it and use it for further advancement
Function of socio-psychological influence - with its help you can organize for various actions, actions, or you can disorganize
Subject: General linguistics
Section 1. History of linguistics
Topic 1. Introduction
1. The function of language that influences the addressee is
J cognitive
Jcommunicative
R appellative
J metalinguistic
2. Learns the language from different sides
R linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
J philosophy
3. Considers language as a means of expressing the content of a work
J linguistics
Rliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
J philosophy
4. Sees in language forms of expression of units of thinking
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
R logics
J psychology
J philosophy
5. Studies issues of speech production and perception
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
R psychology
J philosophy
6. Creates a general methodology for language research
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
R philosophy
7. From a structural point of view, linguistics is divided into
8. From the point of view of specific languages, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
RRussian studies, German studies, novel studies, etc.
Jdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Jpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
9. From the point of view of functioning and social variation, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
JRussian studies, German studies, novel studies, etc.
Rdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Jpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
10. From the point of view of methodology and techniques for describing language, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
JRussian studies, German studies, novel studies, etc.
Jdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Rpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
Topic 2. Linguistic teachings in the ancient world
11. The creation of reference books on various branches of science is typical primarily for
Rancient egypt
J ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient Greece
12. Panini's grammar was created in
R ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
13. The concept of zero morpheme appeared in
R ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
14. The theory of parts of speech originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
15. The dialogue "Cratylus" was created in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
16. Rhetoric as a science originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
17. Grammar teaching originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
Topic 3. Linguistic ideas of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
18. The dispute between nominalists and realists in the Middle Ages contributed to the development of problems
Rlinguistic meaning
Jphonetic laws
Jparts of speech theories
J syntax
19. Arabic linguistics of the Middle Ages used the results
RIndian linguistic tradition
JChinese linguistic tradition
JJapanese linguistic tradition
JJewish linguistic tradition
20. For the first time in the history of modern culture, the question of folk and literary languages was raised
J in France
J in Germany
R in Italy
J in Russia
Topic 4. LinguisticsXVII – XVIII centuries
JJ.-J. Rousseau and I. Herder
RA. Arnaud and K. Lanslo
JA. Arnaud and P. Nicole
JI. Herder and A. Arno
R I.Yu.Scaliger
J I. Herder
J M.V. Lomonosov
J G.W. Leibniz
23. A supporter of the phonetic principle of Russian spelling was
J M.V. Lomonosov
RV.K. Trediakovsky
J M. Smotritsky
J A.Kh.Vostokov
24. Came up with the idea of creating a universal means of communication based on means that act as natural language,
R F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
25. Proposed the idea of creating a philosophical language based on a small number of elementary units
J F. Bacon
R R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
26. Tried to understand the essence of human thinking through the study of language
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
27. The impetus for the development of symbolic logic was given by ideas
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosova
28. The task of comparing all modern languages of the world among themselves, as well as with their earlier forms, was first put forward by
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
29. For the first time he pointed out the relationship between the Slavic languages, as well as between Russian, Latvian, Greek, Latin and German
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
R M.V. Lomonosov
30. For the first time he declared the relationship of Sanskrit with Greek and Latin
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
R W.Jones
Topic 5. LinguisticsXIX century
31. Did not stand at the origins of comparative historical linguistics
J R.K.Rask
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J J. Grimm
R A. Schleicher
32. The idea that all European languages were based on four “mother languages” was proposed by
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
R I.Scaliger
33. Divided all the languages of the world into Aramaic and Scythian groups
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
34. Established that all Slavic languages come from Common Slavic,
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
R M.V. Lomonosov
35. M.V. Lomonosov compared languages mainly based on material
Jnouns
J verbs
J pronouns
R numerals
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J W.Jones
R F. Schlegel
37. The term “Indo-Germanic languages” was introduced into scientific circulation
J F. Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J W.Jones
R F. Schlegel
R R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
R F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
R J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
R A.Kh.Vostokov
42. The task was to reveal the secret of the origin of inflection
J R.K.Rask
R F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
43. F. Bopp in his research focused on
J phonetics
J vocabulary
R morphology
J syntax
J R.K.Rask
R F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
45. Three stages of development of human language: creation, flourishing of inflection and the desire for clarity highlighted
J R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
R J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
46. The law of movement of consonants suggested
J R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
R J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
47. The founder of scientific etymology is considered
R A.F. Pott
J G. Kurtsius
J A.Kun
J A. Schleicher
48. The founder of linguistic paleontology and comparative mythology is
J A.F. Pott
J G. Kurtsius
R A.Kun
J A. Schleicher
Topic 6. Wilhelm von Humboldt - founder of theoretical linguistics
49. The emergence of the concept of “internal form” is associated with the name
J F. Bopp
RW. von Humboldt
J F. de Saussure
J A. Schleicher
50. The desire of the human spirit to free itself from language is, according to W. von Humboldt, an antinomy
Rinextricable unity and inconsistency of language and thinking
J language and speech
Jspeech and understanding
Jcollective and individual in language
Topic 7. Naturalistic concept of language
51. The "family tree" theory was proposed
R A. Schleicher
J I. Schmidt
J A.F. Pottom
J G. Curtius
R A. Schleicher
J I.Schmidt
J A.F. Pott
J G. Kurtsius
Topic 8. Logical concept of language
53. B XIXcentury, the largest representative of the logical direction in Russian linguistics was
R F.I. Buslaev
J V.I.Dal
J N.A.Dobrolyubov
J I.I.Sreznevsky
Topic 9. Psychological concept of language
54. The representative of the psychological direction in linguistics was
R A.A.Potebnya
J F.I. Buslaev
J A.A.Shakhmatov
J A.M.Peshkovsky
55. The psychological direction in linguistics included
JMoscow Linguistic School
RKharkov Linguistic School
JKazan linguistic school
JPrague Linguistic School
Topic 10. Aesthetic concept of language
56. Emphasized the study of language from its expressive function
J A. Schleicher
R K. Vossler
J G. Schuchardt
J R. Mehringer
Topic 11. Neogrammatism
57. At the center of the teaching is the concept of grammatical form
Jrepresentatives of the Kazan linguistic school
Jrepresentatives of the Prague Linguistic School
Rrepresentatives of the Moscow Linguistic School
Jrepresentatives of the Copenhagen Linguistic School
58. Phoneme theory was developed in
JSt. Petersburg linguistic school
JKharkov linguistic school
59. The founder of the Moscow linguistic school was
R F.F. Fortunatov
JI.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
J L.V.Shcherba
J A.M.Peshkovsky
60. Representatives of the Leipzig linguistic school belonged to
Rneogrammatical direction in linguistics
Jpsychological direction in linguistics
Jstructural linguistics
Jlogical direction in linguistics
Topic 12. Linguistics of the endXIX– early 20th century
61. Phoneme theory was developed in
JMoscow linguistic school
RKazan linguistic school
JLeipzig Linguistic School
JLondon Linguistic School
Topic 13. Linguistics of the twentieth century. Structuralism of Ferdinand de Saussure
62. The terms “figure, determination, constellation” are used in
Jfunctional linguistics
Jdescriptive linguistics
R glossematics
Jgenerative grammar
63. The founder of the Prague Linguistic School is
J A.Martine
J A.Meye
R V. Mathesius
J N.S.Trubetskoy
64. Does not apply to structuralist
RMoscow School of Linguistics
JCopenhagen School of Linguistics
JPrague School of Linguistics
JAmerican linguistics
65. Franz Boas, Edward Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield were the founders
Rdescriptive linguistics
Jpsycholinguistics
Jfunctional linguistics
Jsociolinguistics
66. Generative semantics is being actively developed mainly
R in USA
J in Russia
J in France
J in Germany
67. The main goal of revealing internal relationships and dependencies of language components was
Rstructural direction of linguistics
Jpsychological direction of linguistics
Jlogical direction of linguistics
Jareal direction of linguistics
68. The basic principles of functional linguistics were formulated
J R.O.Yakobson
J N.S. Trubetskoy
J S.O.Kartsevsky
R V.Mathesius
Topic 14. Domestic linguistics of the 20-90s of the twentieth century
69. The founder of the Japhetic theory was
R N.Ya.Marr
J E.D.Polivanov
J I.I. Meshchaninov
J V.V.Vinogradov
Section 2. Theory of language
Topic 15. The nature and essence of language
70. The main function of language is
Rcommunicative
J metalinguistic
J cognitive
J emotional
71. Influencing a person with the help of language is
Rcommunicative function of language
Jmetalinguistic function of language
Jcognitive function of language
Jemotional function of language
72. The hypothesis according to which language arose at a certain stage of development of society in connection with the need for the communication process is called
J logosic
Jonomatopoeic
J interjection
R social
Topic 16. Significance of language
73. A property of a linguistic sign is not
Junmotivated sound side in relation to real things
Jability to enter into linear relationships with other signs
Jvariability over time when the conditions of its use change
Rdirect display of real things
74. According to the method of sign formation, signs are divided into
75. According to the completeness/incompleteness of the generation process, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Rcomplete and incomplete signs
Jpotential signs and actual signs
Jcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
76. According to their correlation/disconnection with the act of speech, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Jcomplete and incomplete signs
Rpotential signs and actual signs
Jcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
77. Based on the totality of their main characteristics, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Jcomplete and incomplete signs
Jpotential signs and actual signs
Rcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
78. Proper names as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Ridentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
79. Numerals as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Rquantitative
J deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
80. Personal pronouns as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
R deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
81. Prepositions as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
R ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
82. Conjunctions as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
R ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
83. Are part of an object or phenomenon that people perceive and study
R sign signs
J signs-signals
J signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
84. Unmotivated sound, visual or other conventional signs that convey information are
J sign signs
R signs-signals
J signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
85. Visually motivated conventional signs that convey information are
J sign signs
J signs-signals
R signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
86. Secondary signs that replace not objects, but primary signs are called
J sign signs
J signs-signals
J signs-symbols
Rsubstitute signs
Topic 17. Language as a system
87. Paradigmatic relations between units of language are
88. Syntagmatic relations between units of language are
Rthe ability of elements to combine with each other
Jrelationship of structurally simpler linguistic units with a more complex unit
Jrelations of choice, associations, they are based on the similarities and differences between signifiers and signified units of language
Jthe ability of linguistic elements to replace each other
89. The language system consists of more specific systems called
R levels
J structures
J segments
J components
90. The particular systems that make up a language are called
J structures
R levels
J segments
J components
91. Does not apply to the basic levels of the language
J phonetic
J morphemic
J lexical
Rmorphonological
J syntactic
Topic 18. Language and speech
92. The concept of language and speech was differentiated
R F. de Saussure
J L.V.Shcherba
J F.F. Fortunatov
JI.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
Topic 19. Language and society
93. The relationship between language and society is studied in
Rsociolinguistics
Jpsycholinguistics
Jareal linguistics
Jcontrastive linguistics
94. Social changes are directly reflected in
R vocabulary
J phonetics
J morphology
J syntax
95. Does not fall within the scope of language policy
Jalphabet creation
Jlanguage codification
Jspelling reform
Jpunctuation reform
Rterritorial stratification of language
Topic 20. Language and thinking
96. The relationship between language and thinking is studied in
Jsociolinguistics
Rpsycholinguistics
Jneurolinguistics
J psychosemantics
Topic 21. Phonetics
97. It is not a sign of a phoneme
Jphoneme as an abstract unit of language is contrasted with sound as a concrete unit
JA phoneme is a unit of the sound structure of a language that serves to recognize and distinguish significant units
Jallophones of one phoneme form the region of its realization
Rphoneme is a specific unit of speech flow
Topic 22. Lexicology
98. The main nominative unit of the language is
J phoneme
J morpheme
R word
J phrase
Topic 23. Word formation and grammar
99. Has a general categorical meaning of pronominality
R pronoun
J adverb
J modal word
Topic 24. Social and functional structure of languages
100. The highest form of a common language is
Jlanguage of fiction
Rliterary language
J vernacular
J dialect
Topic 25. Classification of languages and methods of their research
101. Sanskrit is included in
RIndian group of the Indo-European family of languages
JIranian group of the Indo-European family of languages
JGreek group of the Indo-European language family
JGermanic group of the Indo-European family of languages
102. Sociological classification of languages is
J
J
J
R
103. Genealogical classification of languages is
Rthe study and grouping of world languages based on the determination of family ties between them
Jestablishing similarities and differences between languages based on characteristics that reflect the most significant features of the linguistic structure
Jestablishing the type of languages by its structure
Jdetermining the type of languages according to the function they perform in society
104. Morphological classification of languages
Jdetermines the type of languages based on the function they perform in society
Jgroups the languages of the world based on determining the relationships between them
Restablishes similarities and differences between languages based on characteristics that reflect the most significant features of the linguistic structure
Jsets the type of language depending on the degree of relationship
105. The Nostratic macrofamily does not unite
JKartvelian and Uralic languages
JDravidian and Altaic languages
JAfroasiatic and Indo-European languages
RIndo-European and Sino-Tibetan languages
106. Amorphous languages are languages
J
J
R
J
107. Inflectional languages are languages that
Rwhich are characterized by inflection through inflection, which can be a means of expressing several grammatical meanings
Jin which grammatical meanings are expressed not by the forms of the words themselves, but by function words for significant words, the order of significant words, and the intonation of the sentence
Jwhich do not have affixes and in which grammatical meanings are expressed either by joining one word to another, or by using function words
Jin which affixes are single-functional
108. Analytical languages are languages that
Jwhich are characterized by inflection through inflection, which can be a means of expressing several grammatical meanings
Jwhich do not have affixes and in which grammatical meanings are expressed either by joining one word to another, or by using function words
Rin which grammatical meanings are expressed not by the forms of the words themselves, but by function words for significant words, the order of significant words, and the intonation of the sentence
Jwhich are characterized by inflection through the forms of the word itself
109. Polysynthetic languages are the same as
Janalytical languages
Jinflected languages
Rincorporating languages
Jamorphous languages
110. Incorporating languages are the same as
Rpolysynthetic languages
Janalytical languages
Jinflected languages
Jagglutinative languages
111. Slavic languages belonging to the Indo-European family do not form a subgroup
Rnorthern
Jsouthern
Jwestern
Jeastern
112. French refers to
JGermanic branch of the Indo-European family
RRomanesque branch of the Indo-European family
JSlavic branch of the Indo-European family
JIranian branch of the Indo-European family
Topic 26. Letter
113. Conveys the sound appearance of a word
Rphonographic letter
Jideographic letter
Jpictographic letter
Jcuneiform writing
Section 3. Methodology
Topic 27. Language research methods
114. The technique of internal reconstruction is part of
Jtypological method
Jdescriptive method
Rcomparative historical method
Jareal method
115. Studies the geographical distribution of certain linguistic phenomena
Rareal linguistics
Jcomparative studies
Jtypological linguistics
Jcomparative linguistics
Option I
1. Deals with the study of general problems associated with the structure and functioning of any language in society
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
2. The cognitive function of language is the ability
B) express the speaker’s internal state
C) serve as a means of communication
3. The relationships that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
4. The elementary minimal part of a value, its component is
D) archiseme
5. Non-limit (non-discrete) units of language include
C) quasimorphemes
D) free phrases
6. Panini’s grammar expounds
A) the grammatical system of Sanskrit
B) the lexical system of Sanskrit
C) phonetic system of Sanskrit
D) stylistic features of Sanskrit
7. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
B) VII – VIII centuries.
8. Paradigmatics is
9. At the origins of Russian psycholinguistics were
A) I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay, S. Kartsevsky
B) V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. Shcherba
C) F. F. Fortunatov, F. I. Buslaev
D) L. S. Vygotsky, A. M. Leontiev
10. Linguistic signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) the signs themselves
11. The complex essence of language was represented in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
12. Representatives of the behaviorist trend in psychology
C) have nothing to do with the development of psycholinguistics
13. “General Rational Grammar”, developed by the monastic scientists of “Port-Royal”, was based on
B) philosophy
C) psychology
D) natural science
14. National bilingualism is characteristic of such a language situation when
A) citizens of the country use spoken and literary language
B) citizens of the country know their native dialect and national language
C) people of different nationalities live in the country
D) the country uses two official languages
15. The merit of young grammarians is
A) their discovery of the law of language
D) empiricism and inductivism
16. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
B) A. Meillet, L. Bloomfield, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, L. Hjelmslev
17. The thesis “Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics” belongs to the famous linguist
A) Sh. Bally
C) F. de Saussure
D) J. Vandries
18. He put forward the theory of psychological communication
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Shakhmatov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
19. Moscow Linguistic School is a representative
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
20. Lingvodidactics is
Option II
1. Diachronic universals are
A) grammatical universals represented in ancient languages
B) general trends in the development of various languages
C) the history of the formation and development of one of the syntactic categories
D) semantic universals that have lost their meaning
2. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) Baudouin de Courtenay
B) E. D. Polivanova
C) N.V. Krushevsky
D) V. A. Bogoroditsky
3. What is the essence of N. Chomsky’s concept?
A) The transition of language from a subject form to an activity form
B) Superindividualization of speech activity
C) The idea of the universality of the innate rules of language operation
D) Speech activity as one of the types of human activity
4. Pidgin arises as a result
B) the disappearance of a language to be replaced
D) mass interethnic contacts
5. “The New Doctrine of Language” was developed by
A) V.V. Vinogradov
B) I. I Meshchaninov
C) N. Y. Marr
D) L. V. Shcherba
A) modality, time, person
B) time, face
C) modality, face
D) modality, time
7. Lingvodidactics is
A) pedagogical discipline dealing with the development of a child’s speech
B) a scientific discipline that deals with the description of the language system and its units for educational purposes
C) a linguistic discipline that deals with the development of language ability
D) a discipline that develops problems in higher education
8. The emergence of nationalities is associated with
A) development of the productive forces of society
B) replacing former tribal ties with territorial ties
C) the emergence of private property and the collapse of primitive communal relations
D) the development of the productive forces of society, the emergence of private property, the collapse of primitive communal relations and the replacement of former tribal ties with territorial ties
9. The division of humanity into races is entirely related to the division of the population
A) territorial
B) ethnic
C) social
D) religious
10. The relationships that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
A) A Leontyev
B) J. Miller
C) L. V. Shcherba
D) L. S. Vygotsky
12. Non-limit (non-discrete) units of language include
C) quasimorphemes
D) free phrases
13. Moscow Linguistic School presents
14. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archiseme
15. The activities of the Prague Linguistic Circle are related to
A) descriptive linguistics
B) glossematics
C) sociolinguistics
D) functional linguistics
16. The theory of psycholinguistic communication was put forward by
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Potebnya
C) A. A. Shakhmatov
D) F. I. Buslaev
17. The languages used for international communication are
A) Afrikaans, Swahili
B) English, Russian
C) Lithuanian, Armenian
D) Chinese, Mongolian
18. The complex essence of language was represented in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
19. The cognitive function of language is the ability
A) express the internal state of the speaker
B) serve as a means of communication
C) influence the addressee of speech
D) serve as a means of understanding the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
20. Deals with the study of general problems associated with the structure and functioning of any language in society
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) general linguistics
D) philology
Option III
1. The merit of young grammarians is
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism, emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
2. The doctrine of language as a category of living organisms belongs to
A) G. Steinthal
B) A. Schleicher
C) W. von Humboldt
D) G Curtius
3. The origin of any language must be considered from
A) the culture of the native speaker of a given language
B) the mentality of the people themselves
C) socio-economic development of the people
D) the history of the people themselves - native speakers of a given language
4. Most domestic researchers of synchrony and diachrony proceeded from the thesis
A) synchrony and dachrony are in sharp opposition to each other and therefore retain their specificity
B) synchrony and diachrony, constantly interacting, lose their specificity
C) synchrony and diachrony constantly interact, maintaining their specificity
D) the contrast between synchronic and diachronic points of view is completely absolute and uncompromising
5. Among the founders of sociological research were
A) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
B) R. Rusk, F. Bopp, W. von Humboldt
C) G. Steinthal, A. Schleicher
D) A. A. Shakhmatov, F. F. Fortunatov
6. Deals with the study of general problems associated with the structure and functioning of any language in society, with the functions of language
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
7. Foreign psycholinguistics arose in
A) early 20th century
B) 70s of the XX century
C) 50s of the XX century
D) late 19th century
8. Consciousness is
A) manifestation of language ability
B) the highest form of mental reflection of reality
C) one of the sides of the relationship between language and thinking
D) self-realization of linguistic personality
9. What is the essence of thinking?
A) Thinking is the essence of the human brain
B) The quality of any natural language
C) System for expressing the meaning of words
D) Property of artificial language
10. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archiseme
11. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) N.V. Krushevsky
B) V. A. Bogoroditsky
C) E. D. Polivanova
D) Baudouin de Courtenay
12. Pidgin arises as a result
A) conscious human activity
B) mass interethnic contacts
C) constant contact of two languages
D) the disappearance of a language to be replaced
13. The division of humanity into races is associated with the division of the population
A) ethnic
B) territorial
C) religious
D) social
A) time, face
B) modality, face
C) modality, time, person
D) modality, time
15. Non-limit (non-discrete) units of language include
C) quasimorphemes
D) free phrases
16. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
17. The founder of American structuralism (descriptive linguistics) is
B) E. Sapir
C) L. Bloomfield
D) G. Gleason
18. The relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
19. Semantic classifiers (keys) indicated
A) what vowels are included in the word
B) how many syllables are in a word
C) to what semantic sphere, area of reality does this word belong?
D) what consonants are part of the word
20. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) a set of cultural, figurative and verbal signs
B) a system of signs
IV option
1. Analogy is
A) grammatical changes in language
B) establishing an associative connection between language units
C) the likening of some language elements to other elements of the same level, more widespread and productive, or the convergence of such elements
D) change in the semantics of a word according to a metaphorical type
2. The founder of Copenhagen structuralism (glossematics) is
A) H. I. Uldall
B) K. Togeby
C) K. Werner
D) L. Elmslev
2. The doctrine of the morphological structure of words was developed in the works of a representative of the Kazan linguistic school
A) V. A. Bogoroditsky
B) N.V. Krushevsky
C) I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay
D) A. I. Alexandrova
4. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
A) VII – VIII centuries.
5. He put forward the theory of psychological communication
A) A. A. Shakhmatov
B) A. Kh. Vostokov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
6. The communicative function of language is the ability
A) serve as a means of understanding the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
B) serve as a means of communication
C) express the internal state of the speaker
D) influence the addressee of speech
7. Deals with the study of general problems associated with the structure and functioning of any language in society.
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
8. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
9. The relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) paradigmatic
B) linguistic
C) syntagmatic
D) stylistic
10. The thesis “Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics” belongs to
A) Sh. Bally
C) J. Vandries
D) F. de Saussure
11. The elementary minimal part of a value, its component is
D) archiseme
12. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) system of signs
B) a set of cultural, figurative, verbal signs
C) semiotic system of verbal and nonverbal signs
D) exponent of the spirit and character of the people
13. Non-limit (non-discrete) units of language include
C) quasimorphemes
D) free phrases
14. Representatives of the behaviorist trend in psychology
A) are the main critics of psycholinguistic theories
B) made a great contribution to the development of psycholinguistics
C) have nothing to do with psycholinguistics
D) deny the very possibility of the existence of psycholinguistics
15. Historical and cultural area is
A) the same as a linguistic union
B) the union of several linguistic unions
C) the unification of peoples and their languages based on common cultural and historical traditions, the nature of writing, the cultural layer of vocabulary, etc.
D) unification of peoples based on ethnic kinship
16. The merit of young grammarians is
A) their discovery of the sound law
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism and emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
17. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
A) A. Meillet, L. Bloomfield, L. Jelmslev
B) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
D) J. Vandries, A. A. Shakhmatov
18. The primary types of speech activity include
A) speaking and reading
B) reading, writing
C) writing and listening
D) speaking and listening
19. Linguistic signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) the signs themselves
20. Pragmatics is
A) a special area that studies the appropriateness of using certain speech structures
B) a branch of linguistics that studies the functioning of language signs in speech
C) a direction that studies ways to apply the achievements of sociolinguistics in practice
D) a discipline that studies the rules of individual behavior in society
Benchmark tests1. General linguistics studies:
A) laws of origin, development, structure and functioning of a particular language;
B) general laws of the origin, development, structure and functioning of languages.
2. The internal organization of language is studied by science:
A) cognitive linguistics, contrastive linguistics, sociolinguistics;
B) phonetics, morphology, syntax, lexicology.
3. The processes of speech generation and perception are studied by:
A) sociolinguistics;
B) syntax;
B) psycholinguistics.
4. Cognitive linguistics studies...
A) processes of speech generation and perception;
B) interaction of language and culture;
C) processes of structuring human knowledge in language.
5. The comparative study of languages is carried out by the sciences included in the section
A) intralinguistics;
B) comparative studies;
B) extralinguistics.
6. Linguistics is one of...
A) humanities, social sciences;
B) natural sciences.
7. The basis for the development of the general theory of linguistics was...
A) comparative linguistics;
B) comparative historical linguistics;
B) cognitive linguistics.
1. Language in its essence is a phenomenon...
A) biological;
B) social;
B) mental.
2. State the incorrect statement:
A) the physical characteristics of a person are not related to language;
B) the existence and development of language is subject to the laws of nature;
C) language arises and develops only in a group of people.
3. The essence of language is manifested in its properties:
A) express feelings and emotions, influence the psyche of people, establish contact with the interlocutor, create literary texts;
B) express thoughts, name objects and phenomena of reality, accumulate knowledge in verbal form, be a means of understanding the world, a means of obtaining new knowledge.
4. Main function of tongue:
A) regulatory;
B) contact;
B) communicative.
5. The function of using language as a means of influencing the psyche
another person is called...
A) symbolic;
B) regulatory;
B) suggestive.
1. The position that language as a system exists in the human mind, and it functions in speech, was substantiated...
A) I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay;
B) F. de Saussure;
B) W. von Humboldt.
2. The system of signs that is stored in the human brain is called...
B) text.
3. L.V. Shcherba proposed to distinguish between the following aspects of language:
A) speech activity, language system, language material;
B) language system, speech activity, language ability.
4. Indicate the incorrect version of the characteristics of the features of language in comparison with speech:
A) a means of communication, a social phenomenon, a relatively stable system of symbolic units, independent of the situation and setting of communication;
B) the process of communication, a physical and physiological phenomenon, variant, contextually and situationally determined.
5. The set of psychological and physiological conditions that ensure speaking and understanding is called...
A) speech activity;
B) language ability;
B) language competence.
6. In what main aspects is language activity manifested?
A) ... in the language system and speech;
B) ...in speaking and understanding;
B) ... in the language system, speech and text.
1. Animal language...
A) is inherited, has a limited set of meanings, one-way communication, closedness;
B) is not inherited, is acquired as a result of training, and transmits any information.
2. Artificial languages are created in order to...
A) ensure adaptation to the environment;
B) transmit limited information under certain conditions;
C) give people a simple, easily learned means of international communication.
3. In the artificial languages Volapuk, Interlingua, Esperanto...
A) grammar is constructed, and vocabulary is borrowed from natural languages, partially modified;
B) grammar and vocabulary are constructed according to their own rules.
4. Mark those languages / alphabets that perform a compensatory function:
A) dactylology;
B) sign language;
B) Morse code;
D) Braille alphabet.
5. The system of conditioned signals includes:
A) traffic lights, chemical formulas, signal flares, language of flowers;
B) gestures, facial expressions, physical contact, pauses.
1. Indicate the incorrect statement: Thinking is...
A) the highest form of reflection of reality;
B) subjective reality;
B) objective reality.
2. According to the theory of verbal thinking...
A) language is the material support of thinking;
B) thinking is not associated with the speech motor code.
3. State the incorrect statement:
A) CPC has a sensory nature;
B) The Code of Criminal Procedure contains signs of verbal language.
4. Who first expressed the idea of the influence of language on thinking?
A) F. de Saussure;
B) W. von Humboldt;
B) E. Sapir.
5. According to the theory of linguistic relativity...
A) each language has its own logic of thinking;
B) the development of language is determined by society.
6. What term denotes the totality recorded in
units of the language of a people’s ideas about reality at a certain stage of development of this people - a) cognitive picture of the world;
B) linguistic picture of the world.
1. According to the linguistic theory of F. de Saussure, a linguistic sign is...
A) two-sided mental entity;
B) one-sided entity.
2. Semiotics is a science...
A) about sign systems in nature and society;
B) the specifics of linguistic signs.
3. Indicate which of the signs of the sign is indicated incorrectly:
A) has an ideal character;
B) is not connected with the designated object by a causal relationship
B) denotes something outside it.
4. According to the unilateral concept of the sign
A) the meaning is not an integral part of the sound shell of the word;
B) the meaning is included in the sign.
5. Between the plan of expression of the language system and the plan of content there is
A) full compliance;
B) asymmetrical ratio.
6. Indicate the correct statement:
A) semiotics reveals one of the aspects of language – symbolic;
B) a linguistic sign is no different from many other signs.
1. Indicate the incorrect statement: A system is...
A) a complex whole, consisting of interdependent and interdependent elements and performing a single function;
B) a set of connections and relationships between elements.
2. In the language system:
1) hierarchy relations reflect...
A) opposition of units;
B) the inclusion of simple units into more complex ones, the dependence of some units on others;
2) in the language system, paradigmatic relations are
A) relationships of units located linearly in a statement;
B) relationships in a group formed from units that have similarities and
differences;
3) motivation relationships reflect...
A) the connection between the plane of expression and the plane of content;
B) the connection of a new, derived language unit with the original unit.
3. Why is language a heterogeneous system? Eliminate unnecessary things.
A) it is formed by homogeneous elements;
B) it is formed by heterogeneous elements;
C) it contains irregular elements.
4. The pressure of the system is manifested in the fact that...
A) the system has unrealized capabilities;
B) irregular elements tend to adapt to standard ones.
5. What determines the dynamism of a language system? Eliminate unnecessary things.
A) the opposition between language tradition and living language practice;
B) the contradiction between the system and structure of the language during its development;
C) the presence of variability in the elements of the language system.
6. Which level is not the basic level of the language?
A) phonological;
B) lexical;
B) phonomorphological;
D) syntactic.
7. What model of language is characterized in the definition: a vaguely limited set of systemically organized heterogeneous units, united by a common feature or function:
A) level model of language;
B) field model;
C) associative-verbal model.
1. Phonetics as a science studies...
A) sounds from the point of view of their semantic-distinguishing function;
B) acoustic and articulatory features of sounds, changes
sounds in the speech stream.
2. The elements of the phonological system of a language are
A) allophones;
B) phonemes;
B) sounds.
3. The definition of a phoneme as a sound type that combines sounds that are similar in hearing and articulation belongs to...
A) Moscow phonological school;
B) Leningrad phonological school;
B) London Phonological School.
4. The phonological content of a phoneme is...
A) the totality of its constant characteristics;
B) the totality of its distinctive (differential) features;
C) a set of variable characteristics.
5. The main types of phoneme oppositions were described...
A) I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay;
B) N.S. Trubetskoy;
B) L.V. Shcherba.
6. The structure of the phoneme system of any language is determined...
A) privative, one-dimensional, proportional oppositions;
B) private, multidimensional, isolated oppositions.
7. The prosodic level of language is formed by...
A) stress and intonation;
B) stress, intonation and alternation of sounds;
B) stress and syllables.
8. Consonantal languages are dominated by...
A) vowel sounds;
B) consonants.
9. Distribution is...
A) contrasting phonemes in pairs;
B) the set of all possible environments (combinations) in which
phoneme occurs.
10. According to the theory of syllabophonemes, a phoneme contains...
A) image of a syllable;
B) image of sound.
1. Morphology as a part of grammar studies...
A) a system of words;
B) a system of grammatical categories, grammatical means.
2. What is the hierarchical organization of words based on root and word-forming morphemes called?
A) word-formation subsystem;
B) inflectional subsystem.
3. Traditionally, parts of speech are identified based on...
A) syntactic and semantic criteria;
B) morphological, syntactic and semantic criteria;
B) morphological criterion.
A) large groups of words based on inflectional affixes;
B) a system of grammatical forms opposed to each other,
expressing general grammatical meaning.
5. Indicate in which row only examples of lexicogrammatical word categories are given:
A) type of verb, case of noun, qualitative and relative adjectives;
B) transitive and intransitive verbs, animate and inanimate nouns, qualitative and relative adjectives.
1. Indicate which macrocomponent of the word carries information about the most general and essential features of the word:
A) denotative;
B) connotative.
2. Indicate which macrocomponent carries information about the peculiarities of the functioning of the unit in speech:
A) connotative;
B) functional.
3. To designate the sound envelope of a word, the term is used:
A) sememe;
B) lexeme.
4. Which of the signs of a word do not have absolute force, that is, they do not operate in all languages:
A) phonetic design;
B) grammatical form;
B) presence of meaning;
D) impenetrability;
D) reproducibility in speech.
5. The internal form of a word is...
A) an element of meaning reflecting the attribute that was put in
basis for the name of the item;
B) a set of attributes of an object reflected in a word.
1. The systematic organization of vocabulary is based on...
A) semantics of words;
B) systemicity of the world.
2. The consistency of vocabulary is manifested:
A) the possibility of combining words into groups based on semantics;
B) in the polysemy of words.
3. What combination of words is characterized by the following definition: a large group of words of one part of speech, united by one word -
an identifier whose meaning is fully included in the meaning of the other words in the group:
A) thematic group;
B) associative group;
B) lexical-semantic group.
4. Indicate the correct definition of the lexical-semantic field:
A) a collection of a large number of words of different parts of speech, phrases and phraseological units related to one sphere of reality;
B) a set of words of different parts of speech associated in the human mind with a specific word - stimulus;
C) a collection of a large number of words of one or different parts of speech,
united by a common concept.
5. The systematic organization of vocabulary as a whole has...
A) hierarchical structure;
B) field structure.
6. In characterizing the main features of the lexical system of a language, eliminate the unnecessary:
A) multidimensionality;
B) variability;
B) rigidity;
D) openness.
1. The study of the plan of expression of a sentence is...
A) constructive syntax;
B) communicative syntax.
2. The structural diagram of a sentence is...
A) a combination of two word forms expressing a subject and a predicate
B) the totality of all members of the sentence.
3. The block diagram is a sign...
A) propositions;
B) predicativeness;
B) modalities.
5. Modality conveys...
A) correlation of the utterance with the moment of speech;
B) the relationship of what is reported to reality in terms of possibility
Or the impossibility of implementation.
6. In terms of the content plan, the positional scheme of a sentence is a sign...
A) predicativeness;
B) propositions
7. What is the name of the set of semantic components that describe the situation referred to in the sentence:
A) proposition;
B) positional diagram
8. What is the name of the part of a sentence that contains information that is new to the interlocutor?
A) diagram;
D) proposition.
9. State the incorrect statement:
A) the actual division of the sentence coincides with the structural one
division;
B) the actual division of a sentence is a semantic division
proposals for known and new information.
1. A diachronic description of a language involves studying...
A) changes in language within the same state;
B) changes in language over different periods of time.
2. What is meant by differentiation in diachronic language learning?
A) ...the process of interaction between dialects of the same language or
B) ...socially determined stratification of language;
C) ...the historically determined process of splitting the language into di-
lects or into individual related independent languages.
3. Sound laws...
A) record the correspondence of sounds in different periods of development of one
th or several related languages;
B) reflect the alternation of sounds.
4. The most ancient parts of speech are...
A) noun and adjective;
B) noun and verb;
C) verb and adverb.
5. The most ancient type of sentence was...
A) two-part;
B) one-part;
C) a one-part impersonal sentence.
6. In an ancient sentence, the connection between words was carried out ...
A) with the help of unions;
B) by means of adjacency;
B) by means of adjacency and assimilation.
7. In the development of a complex sentence, they played a big role...
A) participles and participial phrases;
B) identifying the logical subject and predicate.
1. Note the external (extralinguistic) factors of language development:
A) language contacts;
B) the effect of analogy;
B) language policy;
D) revolutions, wars;
D) population migration;
E) speech economy.
2. The law of economy of speech effort consists...
A) in a person’s desire to minimize mental and physical
efforts in speech activity;
B) in the desire of language to include each new fact of speech in a certain system of linguistic forms.
3. How does language self-development manifest itself?
A) in the struggle of opposites;
B) in evolutionary development.
4. The most mobile subsystem of the language, reflecting changes in
life of society is...
A) vocabulary;
B) grammar;
B) word formation.
5. Why does a language stop developing and “die”? Eliminate unnecessary things.
A) in connection with changes in public life;
B) due to the fact that the community of people speaking it is disintegrating;
C) due to the fact that language is losing its social functions.
6. What is the reason for progress in language development? Eliminate unnecessary things.
A) ...with a change in its internal structure;
B) ...with the expansion of the social functions of language;
B) ... with the development of opportunities to express new content.
1. How is the two-way connection between language and society manifested?
A) language is a necessary condition for the existence of society;
B) the development of language is determined by society;
C) language arises only in society, and the existence of society
enabled by language-based communication.
2. The national language exists in several forms:
A) book and colloquial speech;
B) literary language, dialects, jargon, vernacular;
C) scientific, official business, journalistic, colloquial
3. Which of the features is not typical for a literary language:
A) oral form of existence;
B) codification of norms;
B) stylistic differentiation.
4. Literary Russian language is...
A) the language of fiction;
B) strictly standardized form of language;
C) book version of the Russian language.
5. Non-normative forms of language include...
A) territorially limited form;
B) literary language;
B) social dialects;
D) vernacular.
6. The main sphere of operation of a territorially limited
A) scientific field;
B) everyday communication;
B) journalism.
7. What determines the social differentiation of language?
A) ...the presence of territorial dialects;
B) ...social differentiation of society;
B) ...language contacts.
8. What are the consequences of fundamental social changes (war, revolution) for the development of language? Eliminate unnecessary things.
A) expanding the scope of use of the literary language;
B) democratization of language;
C) updating political vocabulary and phraseology;
D) shifting dialect boundaries;
D) linguistic purism.
9. What is the name of the totality of political, legal, administrative
nistrative and economic measures taken by the state to
purposeful language development?
A) language policy;
B) language situation.
Key to tests
Test No. 1: 1b, 2b, 3c, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7b. Test No. 2: 1b, 2b, 3b, 4c, 5c. Test #3:
1b, 2b, 3a, 4b, 5b, 6c. Test No. 4: 1a, 2c, 3a, 4a, b, d; 5a. Test No. 5: 1c, 2b, 3b,
4b, 5a, 6b. Test No. 6: 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5b, 6a. Test No. 7: 1b; 2: 1)b; 2)b; 3)b; 3b,
4b, 5c, 6c, 7b. Test No. 8: 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9b, 10a. Test No. 9: 1b,
2a, 3b, 4b, 5b. Test No. 10: 1a, 2b, 3b, 4b, d; 5a. Test No. 11: 1a, 2a, 3c, 4c, 5b,
6th century Test No. 12: 1a, 2a, 3b, 4c, 5a, 6b, 7a, 8c, 9a. Test No. 13: 1b, 2c, 3a, 4b,
5c, 6c, 7a. Test No. 14: 1a, c, d, e; 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a. Test No. 15: 1c, 2b, 3a, 4b,
Main literature
1. Popova Z.D. General linguistics: textbook. allowance / Z.D. Popova,
I.A. Sternin. – M. : AST: Vostok-Zapad, 2007. – 408 p.
2. Introduction to linguistics: a course of lectures - Voronezh: Istoki, 2004. - 154 p.
3. Workshop on the course “Introduction to linguistics”: textbook. allowance / comp.
HE. Charykova. – Voronezh: Origins, 2008. – 58 p.
4. General linguistics: in 2 parts. Part 1: General problems of language: educational method.
allowance / comp. ON THE. Kozelskaya. – Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House. state university
2004. – 36 p.
5. General linguistics: in 2 hours. Part 2: Language system: educational method. allowance / comp.
ON THE. Kozelskaya. – Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House. state University, 2005. – 44 p.
additional literature
1. Gorelov I.N. Fundamentals of psycholinguistics: textbook. allowance / I.N. Gorelov,
K.F. Sedov. – M.: Labyrinth, 2002. – 256 p.
2. Mechkovskaya N.B. General linguistics: structural and social typology
Giya languages: textbook. allowance / N.B. Mechkovskaya. – 2nd ed. – M.: Flinta:
Science, 2001. – 312 p.
3. Sternin I.A. Language and thinking: educational method. allowance / I.A. Sternin. –
Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House. state University, 2004. – 23 p.
Correct answers are marked with "+"
1. The Tatar language belongs to
a) Indo-European,
B) Turkic,
c) Altai languages.
2. Agglutinative languages are characterized by
a) polysemy of affixes,
b) absence of suffixes,
C) unambiguity of affixes.
3. Phraseologism reach the handle- This
a) fusion,
B) unity
c) combination.
4. Word zashkvar- This
A) jargon
b) professionalism,
c) dialectism.
5. Japanese language uses
a) syllabic,
b) hieroglyphic,
B) syllabic and hieroglyphic writing.
6. Does not relate to the method of expressing grammatical meaning
A) reduction,
b) suppletivism,
c) reduplication.
Test.7. Interfix is used for
a) connections between prefix and root,
B) connections of two roots,
c) connecting the suffix and ending.
8. Meaning of the word plate'alien aircraft' is formed by
A) metaphorical transfer,
b) metonymic transfer
c) or is direct.
9. Select a row with languages of only the Indo-European family:
a) Greek, Armenian, Basque,
B) Greek, Latin, Sanskrit,
c) Latin, Aramaic, Gothic.
10. One of the theories of the origin of language is called
A) theories of labor cries,
b) theories of joint activity,
c) theories of ritual singing.
11. It is not a unit of grammar.
a) morpheme,
b) phrase,
B) phoneme.
12. The Marxist theory of the origin of language is associated with the name
a) Marx,
B) Engels,
c) Lenin.
13. Concept language family typical for
A) genetic
b) typological,
c) linguistic and geographical classification of languages.
14. The idea of language as a sign system was laid down by
a) Wilhelm Grimm,
B) Ferdinand de Saussure,
c) Mikhail Lomonosov.
15. The linguistic relativity hypothesis assumes dependence
a) language depending on geographical location,
B) thinking from language,
c) language from thinking.
16. The emergence of comparative historical linguistics was influenced by research
A) Sanskrit,
b) Chinese characters,
c) languages of the peoples of Polynesia.
a) text,
B) offer,
c) a phrase.
18. Deals with issues of state languages
a) ethnolinguistics,
b) psycholinguistics,
B) sociolinguistics.
19 - Test. Euphemism is
a) geographically limited vocabulary,
B) a neutral word replacing a rude or inappropriate word,
c) the antonym of anachronism.
20. Dead languages include all languages in a row
a) Hebrew, Greek, Latin,
b) Sanskrit, Farsi, Hindi,
C) Latin, Gothic, Old Church Slavonic.
21. The main ways of expressing grammatical meaning for analytical languages:
A) word order in a sentence, function words,
b) word order in a sentence, affixation,
c) affixation, suppletivism.
22. English is one of the
a) synthetic,
B) analytical,
c) polysynthetic languages.
23. In what series are the representatives of structuralism named?
A) Vilem Mathesius, Roman Jacobson,
b) Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf,
c) Nikolai Trubetskoy, Alexander Potebnya.
24. Does not apply to the ways in which homonyms appear
a) the collapse of polysemy,
b) a random coincidence as a result of borrowing a word,
C) conscious replacement of a borrowing with an original word.
25. Transliteration is an exact ratio
a) between the sounds of two languages,
a) between the sounds of one language and the letters of another,
B) between the written characters of two languages.
Test - 26. Diacritics in writing are
a) signs that clarify or change the meanings of other signs, +
b) synonym for punctuation marks,
c) only accent marks.
27. Do not refer to outdated vocabulary
a) archaisms,
B) neologisms,
c) historicisms.
28. Phraseologism – unit
A) vocabulary,
b) morphology,
c) syntax.
29. Polysemy is
a) polyphony,
b) polysyllabicity,
B) ambiguity.
30. Not a generally recognized language family
a) Turkic,
B) Nostratic,
c) Semitic-Hamitic.
